Financial Risk ManagementOption Trading Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Financial Risk ManagementOption Trading - Essay Example Commodity risk arises from the potential movement in the underlying commodity and as such includes energy products as commodity. (Jorion, 2007). The speculative trading in options by CAO indicate that the company was betting too much on speculations about the movement in the prices of the oil in international market which however, did not happened positively all the time and company plunged into troubles. Historically, it has been observed that the energy products are relatively more volatile as compared to other commodities and as such unorganized speculative activity in such products definitely result into losses for the firms. Credit Risk is another important aspect of overall risk management and firms have to relatively take care of the fact that credit worthiness of the parties with whom they are trading is good. Credit rating therefore plays a critical role in defining the future relationship of the counter parties to any transaction. The major role of credit ratings and credit rating agencies is therefore of providing an independent opinion based on certain specific criteria.(Servigny & Renault, 2004). The analysis of the given facts will indicate that the firm attempted to involve itself in trade with companies whose credit worthiness was not good in the market. By trading on their behalf, CAO actually attempted to acquire the credit of risk of those companies whose overall credit risk was relatively higher as compared to other companies. CAO entered on behalf of the airlines by offering identical contract terms to counter parties and in return of premium waiver of those air lines, CAO basically assumed the credit risk of all such airlines. The involvement of back to back transactions itself indicated that the CAO was more than willing to assume the credit risk of these airlines however, with more volatile increase in the oil prices, the overall net exposure of CAO

Better Pay and Working Conditions in Multinational Essay Example for Free

Better Pay and Working Conditions in Multinational Essay Reaction Paper Part I: Identification Alexander Hijzen and Paul Swaim, â€Å"Do multinationals promote better pay and working conditions? † OECD (Organization for Economic Development) Observer, October 2008; Issue 269, pp 15 – 17. Part II: Abstract Summary The article examines the behavior of international business enterprises, also known as multinational enterprises (MNEs), wages and working conditions, from the perception of the Organization for Economic Development (OECD). It gives a basic definition of a MNE as a corporation with headquarters in one country and affiliates, subsidiaries or merged operations in one or several other countries. Example MNE’s mentioned in the article include: Coca-Cola, Nike, Microsoft, EDF (French energy company), Rio Tinto (British-Australian mining firm), and Toyota. The article notes that there are thousands of MNEs and that they all are not a symbol of Western economic dominance. Some of the top firms listed now in FT one of the UK’s top international business magazines includes China, Russia, India, and Brazil. First, the article addresses the pro and con opinions that supporters and opponents of globalization bring to the working table of MNE’s. It stresses the fact that no matter what one’s opinion may be, the role of the MNEs in the world economy will continue to grow. Next, the article discusses the nature of MNEs as well as notes their advantages on employment (wages and working conditions). Concerning the wages, the article mentions that MNEs’ technical expertise and modern management styles would provide a basis for higher pay wages. However, the pessimists doubt the higher pay since the MNEs are typically in a strong bargaining position with local workers. The article explains that the best way to answer the question do multinational promote better pay and working conditions was to present a comparison of local and foreign companies in terms of their labor practices. So a study was completed to report on this question. The study showed that MNEs do tend to pay more than local firms that compete in the same markets. In general the pay is 40% higher. The study also noted that the pay may be higher to minimize worker turnover and reduce monitoring cost. These results were based upon the report focusing on three OECD countries (Germany, Portugal, and the UK) and two emerging economies (Brazil and Indonesia). Then the author presented the results from the study of those newly hired workers pay vs. those workers who moved from a domestic to a foreign-owned firm, as well as their adjustments to labor practices/working conditions. The study showed higher wages for newly hired workers and small losses or no effect for those moving to foreign firms. Several previous studies were mentioned which noted that multinational tend to adapt to local practices rather than impose their own. Finally, the author expresses the effect that experienced managers have on MNE’s. It has been proven that local firms that recruit managers with experience in multinationals enjoy higher productivity. They can more easily recognize and enforce internationally accepted labor standards. In the end, it is noted that not only experienced managers but also government support is what will help the MNEs be productive and help development.

Edith Whartons The Age of Innocence Essay -- Edith Wharton Age Innoce

Edith Wharton's The Age of Innocence â€Å"As he entered the box his eyes met Miss Welland’s, and he saw that she had instantly understood his motive, though the family dignity which both considered so high a virtue would not permit her to tell him so. The persons of their world lived in an atmosphere of faint implications and pale delicacies, and the fact that he and she understood each other without a word seemed to the young man to bring them nearer than any explanation would have done.† (Wharton 16) This statement vividly illustrates the power of the unsaid within New York society during the 1870’s, the time in which The Age of Innocence was set. At that time, there existed a powerful set of rules, regulations, and codes pertaining to one’s conduct that were most often unspoken and, therefore, were never â€Å"formally† outlined. However, this did not in any way lessen the degree to which these standards were adhered to, and, thereby, upheld as if they were carved in the same ston e as the Ten Commandments. Because New York Society did not have much need for religion, other than for rites of passage, the rules of society were to them like rules of their religion. As a woman who was raised in this society, Edith Wharton was able to illustrate with great clarity the influence that the unsaid had when it came to knowing how one should behave if society is to look on them favourably. She further goes on to express the perils of a life lived within these particular codes. In the initial example used in the introduction, which took place in Chapter II of the novel, the reader is not only able to see the reason for Newland Archer’s behaviour, but the example also acts as a method of foreshadowing which alludes to the significant role ... ...nocence, one must only see the power that things left unsaid had in holding together a society such as the one that existed in New York during the time of the novel. Things that went unspoken, but were left to be solved by duty and appropriateness had the ability to act like the glue that held the Newland/Archer family together for a lifetime of children, and a lifetime of existence within a society that would not have accepted it any other way. Until the day before she died, May Welland/Archer acted in accordance with the unspoken rules of society in order to protect herself, her family, her marriage, and even the social structure itself, the very structure which forced her into accepting what life had given her long ago, and had taught her to learn to accept it. Works Cited Wharton, Edith. The Age of Innocence. Macmillan Publishing Company, New York: 1920.

Metabolic Costs Of Generating Force :: essays research papers

ENERGETCS OF BIPEDAL RUNNING 1. METABOLIC COST OF GENERATING FORCE Summary Similarly sized bipeds and quadrupeds use nearly the same amount of metabolic energy to run, despite dramatic differences in morphology and running mechanics. It has been shown that the rate of metabolic energy use in quadrupedal runners and bipedal hoppers can be predicted from just body weight and time available to generate force as indicated by the foot ground contact. We tested whether this link between running mechanics and energetics also applied to running bipeds. We measured rates of energy consumption and times of foot contact for humans (mean body mass 78.88kg) and five species of bird mean body mass 0.13-40.1 kg). We find that most (70-90%) of the increase in metabolic rate with speed in running bipeds can be explained by changes in the time available to generate force. The rate of force generation also explains differences in metabolic rate over the size range of birds measured. However, for a given rate of force generation, birds use on average 1.7 times more metabolic energy than quadrupeds. The rate of energy consumption for a given rate of force generation for humans is intermediate between that of birds and quadrupeds. These results support the idea that the costs of muscular force production determines the energy cost of running and suggest that bipedal runners use more energy for a given rate of force production because they require a greater volume of muscle to support their body weight. Key words: locomotion, energetics, bipedal, bird, muscle force. Introduction The question of wither more energy is required to run on two or four legs was addressed 100 years ago when Zuntz (1897) performed some of the first measurements of metabolic energy consumption in running animals. He found that horses used less energy than humans to move a unit body weight a unit distance, and he speculated that there might be an energetic benefit to moving on four legs rather than two. However, subsequent measurements of oxygen consumption in running dogs showed that these quadrupeds use more energy per unit body mass to move a given distance than both humans and horses. Zuntz (1987) noticed that this energy cost of transport in horses, dogs and humans was proportional not to limb number but to body mass and concluded that, per unit body weight, small animals use more energy to run a given distance than do large animals, regardless of limb number (Zuntz, 1987).

History of Drama

History of Drama * Spanish Period 1. Tibag * â€Å"to excavate† * St. Helena’s search for the cross 2. Lagaylay – Pilarenos of Sorsogon get together during Maytime 3. Cenaculo – passion and death of Christ a. Cantada – chanted like pasion b. Hablada – rhythmic measure of words in a deliberate manner * Spanish Period 4. Panunuluyan – Mary & Joseph searching for refuge before Christ’s birth – presented before 12mn on Christmas eve 5. Salubong – during easter (Mary meets risen Christ) 6. Carillo (shadow play) – form of entertainment performed during a moonless night or a dark night after a harvest 7.Zarzuela – 1st Philippine drama. Musical comedy or melodrama. Has 3 acts of man’s passion & emotion (love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or social/political problems) 8. Sainete – short musical comedy (18th century) – exaggerated comedies performed by characters from lower class family (indio) – theme: taken from everyday life scenarios * American Period 1. Severino Reyes – father of Tagalog drama – Walang Sugat 2. Aurelio Tolentino – a Kapampangan dramatist * Luhang Tagalog = masterpiece * Kahapon, Ngayon, at Bukas = resulted to his incarceration 3.Hermogenes Ilagan – from Central Luzon – he founded the group Campana Ilagan *Severino Reyes and Hermogenes Ilagan started the movement against the moro-moro (play against muslims) * Japanese Period * Characterized by stage shows because movie houses were closed *organization of Filipino players (Dramatic Filipinos) 1. Jose Ma. Hernandez – Panday Pira 2. Francisco Soc Rodrigo – Sa Pula sa Puti 3. Clodualdo del Mundo – Bulaga 4. Julian Cruz Balmaceda * Sino ba Kayo? * Dahil sa Anak * Higante ng Patay * Period of New Society (Modern) reviving old plays/dramas 1977 – Tales of Manuvu (new style of rock of the ballad opera) – Performed by Celeste L egaspi, Lea Navarro, Hadji Alejandro, Boy Canara, Anthony Castello & Rey Dizon – choreographed by Atic Reyes Sining Embayoka (CCP) – from Mindanao State University *Development of play 1. PETA (Philippine Educational Theater Association) – Cecille Guidote & Lino Brocka 2. Repertory Philippines – Rebecca Godines & Zenaida Amador 3. UP Repertory – Behn Cervantes 4. Teatro Filipino – Rolando Tinio

Ecology Organisms Differences

Ecology Organisms Differences The adaptation of living things to their environment is such that their features are only suitable for survival in their respective environments. Although organisms can tolerate a deviation of the environmental conditions form the optimum, severe and persistent alterations may lead to the deterioration of the organisms’ condition or even death.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ecology Organisms Differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The terrestrial and aquatic environments present considerably different conditions for the existence of life. Although the aquatic and terrestrial microscopic organisms may not exhibit significant structural differences, plants and animals living in these environments have distinct and different characteristics that enable them to survive in their respective environments (Dejours, 1987). Plants feature a cuticle, which protects them from the external environmental conditions. Aquatic plants have a thin cuticle since they live in water and do not need to undertake water preservation. This is a feature of fresh water aquatic plants. In addition, the stomata, which are the respiratory openings for the plants, are in abundance on the upper side of the plant to facilitate rapid water loss to maintain osmotic balance. Water is a dense medium, and thus plants living in water have a weak shaft for supporting the foliage and the upperparts of the plant. Furthermore, the plants’ stem is relatively weaker and they tend to float in water. Aquatic plants are submerged either partially or wholly in water. Thus, water covers most of their surfaces and can be readily absorbed. Their roots are small, highly flexible, and adapted for absorbing oxygen rather than water. Aquatic plants may also feature wide leaves to enable them to float and enhance transpiration (Cavendish, 2001). On the other hand, terrestrial plants have a thick cuticle on their leaves for protect ion from excessive transpiration that could desiccate the plant’s cells. In addition, the plants’ stomata are few and are located on the bottom of the leaves away from direct sunlight and convection current. Air, the atmospheric medium in which terrestrial plants thrive, is much less dense compared to water. Thus, terrestrial plants need stronger stems and shafts for the support of the foliage and other upper parts of the plant. Terrestrial plants have rigid and highly developed roots that facilitate water absorption and anchorage. Terrestrial plants may have thin leaves or leaves of various shapes adapted to the environmental temperatures rather than a mechanism of support (Solomon, 2005).Advertising Looking for essay on ecology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More One of the major unique features of the aquatic animals is that their appendages have undergone differentiation into fins or webbed feet for mo vement in water. Their skin or outer covering is smooth and may consist of a mucus membrane to reduce friction during movement. Aquatic animals feature a thick subcutaneous fat deposit. This fat helps the animals to maintain a regular and constant body temperature in the relatively cold water. Most aquatic animals have transparent eyelid to protect against friction with water. Although some of aquatic animals have lungs for ventilation, most of the animals have gills for respiration or a combination of lungs and gills (Cavendish, 2001). On the other hand, terrestrial animals have limbs with separated digits for grasping or climbing. Furthermore, some flying animals have their limbs differentiated into wings for flight purposes. Most animals have their outer covering covered with fur or hair. This keeps the animal warm in the air and may serve to protect the skin. Most terrestrial animals have a thin subcutaneous fat layer, but have more muscles to aid their locomotion and elevation from the ground. Except for some reptiles such as snakes, most animals have thick and opaque eyelids to protect their eyes from solid objects and dryness. For terrestrial animals, lungs are the primary respiratory organs, and they are highly developed (Solomon, 2005). References Cavendish, M., B. b. (2001). Aquatic life of the world. New York: Benchmark books. Dejours, P. (1987). Comparative physiology: life in water and on land. Padova: Liviana. Solomon, E. P., Berg, L. R., Martin, D. W. (2005). Biology (7th ed.). Belmont, CA: Brooks/Cole Thomson Learning.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Ecology Organisms Differences specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More

Invention of Internet essays

Invention of Internet essays Throughout history, there are many inventions appeared in America. One of the big inventions is the internet. Since the computer invented, there aren ¡t so many ways people can do about the computer. Most of people didn ¡t even have one, only the big businesses and the military have them. The invention of the internet changed people ¡s point of view of using computers. Internet was created by an organization called ARPAnet, for the purpose of military use. It designed as a computer version of the nuclear bomb shelter, ARPanet protected the flow of information between military installations by creating a network of geographically separated computers that could exchange information through a protocol called NCP (Network Control Protocol). The idea came from Charles M. Herzfeld. He is the former director of ARPA, he says ARPAnet is not created only for military need, it also can be sharing information on researches for scientists, it came out only with limited number of large, powerful research computers in the country and that many research investigators who should have access where geographically separated from them. ARPA is stand for the Advanced Research Projects Agency. This is a branch of the military that develop top secret system and weapons during the cold war in America. The first connected the ARPAnet were the Four DEC PDP-10 computers. They were located in the respective computer research labs of UCLA, Stanford, UC Santa Barbara, and the University of Utah. The network expended, and different models of computer were connected, also they found problems of connecting them, because of different computer ¡s compatibilities are different. The solution was they changed a better set of protocols, which was called TCP/IP. In the year of 1971, an innovation occurred in ARPAnet, which is the email, or the electronic mail. This has the ability of sending messages to another person who has the network; this gave users m...

Creative Arts Therapy for the Terminally Ill and Bereaved essays

Creative Arts Therapy for the Terminally Ill and Bereaved essays According to The American Art Therapy Association, Art therapy is a mental health profession that uses the creative process of art making to improve and enhance the physical, mental and emotional well-being of individuals of all ages. Through creating art and reflecting on the art products and processes, people can increase awareness of self and others cope with symptoms, stress, and traumatic experiences; enhance cognitive abilities; and enjoy the life-affirming pleasures of making art (2012). Throughout history, the arts have been used as a form of self expression. Different forms of the arts have been used to bring people together in celebration on important occasions. Dying is an important time of transition for every human being and the arts have been used to ease the pain of loss and to help the dying make peace with their impending death (The Continuum Center for Health art originally developed as a means of expression of and relief from traumatic experiences. Art, song, dr ama and dance in primitive times were motivated by a need for catharsis and gaining control over threats to the community". Art therapy is a broad spectrum that provides a myriad of choices for the dying and the bereaved. The client is encouraged to explore his or her feelings through activities like drawing, music, guided visualization, painting, making of crafts and journal writing. For the dying, a feeling of detachment can set in when one is facing end of life issues. Red Deer Hospice posits that music therapy helps promote a patient's physical, mental, and spiritual well being. Music therapy is especially useful at the end of life when communications often break down and a sense of isolation sets in. Gentle environmental sounds like ocean waves, wind, rain, birds, and music from harps, flutes, or stringed instruments may provide a sense of peace (2012). ...

Pros And Cons Of Ebooks In Comparison With Hardcover Books Essay

Pros And Cons Of Ebooks In Comparison With Hardcover Books - Essay Example Rather than true ownership, a majority of eBook purchases are more or fewer leases that have very few residual rights. The only way a buyer can ensure that they get continuous access and be able to store the content in the eBook is to download the entire material to a local storage device where rights to the content are not presided over by digital rights management (DRM) systems (Walters 85-95). The content of the e Boom is transferred from a hosted service on the World Wide Web, for instance from a cloud hosting service. The ‘buyer’ lacks control over the content, as Google Books attest; Google will stop serving the eBook content to the ‘buyer’ in the event that it (Google) loses the right to give the buyer any Digital content. While buying an eBook from an online repository, one is likely to encounter terms and conditions that read something akin to ‘you have limited, non-exclusive, personal, and revocable non-transferrable and not-assignable rights or license to use, view, and/ or play a single material copy or download a single copy on a single computer for non-commercial personal home use. Both institutions and individuals get statements of revocable rights to use material that they have ostensibly purchased and paid money for. The content publisher retains the right to change the terms of the sale at any time! It is akin to buying an operating system in which the vendor retains the right to change the sale terms at any time and the user has non-exclusive rights to use software they have paid for. Some publishers further add that they can withdraw their titles from resellers and vendors, including librarians if specific terms are flouted or not met. Mind you, these titles have already been sold to the respective vendors or librarians (Walters 85-95). Publishers also retain rights to change the contents of the eBook without any prior notice, a  concept that destroys the normal concept of selling a physical book.

The Magna Carta Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Magna Carta - Essay Example Historical records stated that King John considered these rights granted to the nobility are done under duress (National Archives and Records Administration, 2012, p. 1). Until these days, the Magna remained significant for human rights advocacies and for its defenders because this was the first document which challenged the monarchical power of the King and systemically becomes the legal foundation against feudal relations -- that ‘no man should be above the law (National Archives and Records Administration, 2012, p. 1).’ The document expressly stated, "No free man shall be seized or imprisoned, or stripped of his rights or possessions, or outlawed or exiled except by the lawful judgment of his equals or by the law of the land (National Archives and Records Administration, 2012, p. 1)." The Magna Carta has therefore dismantled the king’s feudal control over lands in England and its professed power of such elitist rule of the hierarchy where barons directly report to the King in the performance of their responsibilities (National Archives and Records Administration, 2012, p. 1). ... 1; Walenta, 2010, p. 1). At the utmost, these principles are embed in universal declaration of human rights and in the Constitution of United States of America. Mulligan (2004) opined that the Magna Carta also ushered positive reform in legislation of laws and paved for the restoration of legal and political institutions after that tragic period of civil strife and social degeneration brought by social inequities and tyrannical control (pp. 41-65). This was affirmed by King Henry I and those subsequent rulers. Expert scholars considered the document as the best enduring legacy to humankind because those principles strengthened the institutionalization of universal concepts of legal doctrines on judicial procedures that aided in the protection and promotion of civil rights. Franklin D. Roosevelt has succinctly expressed in his 1941 inaugural address when he stated that the Magna Carta is the written document that integrated the democratic aspiration in human history (National Archives and Records Administration, 2012, p. 1). When the Declaration of Independence was sealed and signed as the American Charters of Freedom in 1776, the great Fathers recognized the Magna Carta as the historical context in asserting their liberty from King George III and the English parliament (National Archives and Records Administration, 2012, p. 1). They honoured that meeting of 40 barons and King John 561 years earlier at Runnymede, now home of the Windsor Castle, where barons finally considered themselves as freemen and later became an inspiration for Americans. They have likewise earned the reconfirmation of Henry I’s Coronation Oath and hence limited the King’s access to resources and funds. At that time, this charter was only

Spring awakening Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Spring awakening - Essay Example This writing compares modern America and the issues faced by the teenagers in Spring Awakening. In Spring awakening the parents and the society at large are not ready to inform their children about the sexual exploration. Parents consider it unethical to discuss issues of sexual relationship with their children. This is really unfortunate since most of the children in the play are starting to experience changes in their bodies. No one is out there to explain to them about these changes. Even the very parents with the responsibility of caring are not giving their children any explanation to the biological changes they experience. The big issue of the play was the challenges the teenagers had due to the societal suppression and fear of discussing sexuality and reproduction. For instance, Wendla who is a teenage school girl is in a big trouble because her mother Bergmann is not comfortable with her daughter’s quick growth. Wendla’s mother is not ready to discuss with Wendla the facts about reproduction and sexuality despite her daughter’s growing curiosity. Martha is also emotionally disturbed by her parents’ continual physical abuse. It is surprising to note that 17-year old Lammermeier does not even have sexual thoughts and even the expulsion of Melchior from school simply because he has knowledge about sex and he is able to express himself in writing. Failure by the society and the parents to discuss sexuality and reproduction in the play makes Wendla conceive Melchior’s child unknowingly and finally dies after unsafe abortion. It is quite sarcastic to find that the same parents who do not want to talk about sex decide to send Melchior to a reformatory because they discover that he got Wendla pregnant. I feel that modern America has actually changed especially the perception of the topic of sexuality and reproduction. By the time I was an adolescent, I had known a lot about this topic. I got the knowledge from the school, media and very many

GMO the Necessary Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GMO the Necessary Evil - Essay Example There have been many mixed reactions due to GM foods because of the rampant debate surrounding GMO technology. Today, the process of genetic modification is rapidly advancing throughout the planet. In 2004, 8.25 million farmers in 17 nations grew the crops (Ahmed 30). The production and marketing of GM foods are due to the superficial benefits they hold either to the producer or to consumption of these genetic foods. When it was first introduced, GM seeds developers needed their products to be accepted by producers and focus on innovations that have direct benefits to the farmers and the food industry at large. For example, the International Rice Research Institute located in the Philippines manufactured the GM golden rice to help people in South East Asia that were lacking food. Research has shown that GMO presents significant threats because of inconclusive research on their safety and their effects on the environment. However, I believe GMO is a necessary evil that the human race must contend with because it faces an imminent food crisis. GMO is the necessary evil that will solve the world food problem (Specter 34). GMO foods are unavoidable, and we cannot live without them. The World Health Organization (WHO), the Food, Drug Administration, and other scientific bodies in the world have strongly advocated for the use of GM foods, since they do not predispose the human health to any harm. Additionally, research shows that the risks to human health that may be brought about by the consumption of GM foods are the same as those that are produced by the consumption of non-GM foods. Moreover, GM foods are safe to use as they tested for food safety and passed the safety assessment. Some people believe that GM foods should be eliminated due to the risks they have like the health issues. It is a fact that people have eaten some of the GM foods unknowingly, but no complains of serious concerns (Ahmed 18). By 2040, the world’s population is predicted to increase

Marketing Communications Plan Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Communications Plan Proposal - Essay Example Key markets include the United States, China and Western Europe. In Western Europe, key markets include Italy, Germany and the U.K. Outside of these regions; Moà «t & Chandon also caters to high-end market segments in Japan, Australia and Brazil (Kitchen, 2009: p12). In order to grow in the next year, they will need to reconcile their many years of know-how with communication. Three main trends will be crucial in the next year. First, a growing split will occur between categories of brands. On one side, consumers will become more involved, and on the other, they will only see the product’s usage value. Second, Moà «t & Chandon will need to create value, as well as innovate and renew. Third, they will have to connect with their customers’ needs and meet their expectations, which are linked closely to the strengthening and evolution of the internet (Fill, 2009: p33). In the coming year, Moà «t & Chandon will have to come up with digital brands that should see a boost from developing and emerging countries (Jacheet, 2012: p1). Additionally, collaborative brands will become vital and will be created through the concept of co-creation with clients, for example, through the use of iPhone applications (Yeshin, 2012:

GMO the Necessary Evil Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

GMO the Necessary Evil - Essay Example There have been many mixed reactions due to GM foods because of the rampant debate surrounding GMO technology. Today, the process of genetic modification is rapidly advancing throughout the planet. In 2004, 8.25 million farmers in 17 nations grew the crops (Ahmed 30). The production and marketing of GM foods are due to the superficial benefits they hold either to the producer or to consumption of these genetic foods. When it was first introduced, GM seeds developers needed their products to be accepted by producers and focus on innovations that have direct benefits to the farmers and the food industry at large. For example, the International Rice Research Institute located in the Philippines manufactured the GM golden rice to help people in South East Asia that were lacking food. Research has shown that GMO presents significant threats because of inconclusive research on their safety and their effects on the environment. However, I believe GMO is a necessary evil that the human race must contend with because it faces an imminent food crisis. GMO is the necessary evil that will solve the world food problem (Specter 34). GMO foods are unavoidable, and we cannot live without them. The World Health Organization (WHO), the Food, Drug Administration, and other scientific bodies in the world have strongly advocated for the use of GM foods, since they do not predispose the human health to any harm. Additionally, research shows that the risks to human health that may be brought about by the consumption of GM foods are the same as those that are produced by the consumption of non-GM foods. Moreover, GM foods are safe to use as they tested for food safety and passed the safety assessment. Some people believe that GM foods should be eliminated due to the risks they have like the health issues. It is a fact that people have eaten some of the GM foods unknowingly, but no complains of serious concerns (Ahmed 18). By 2040, the world’s population is predicted to increase

Riodan Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Riodan - Essay Example The purpose of outsourcing this project is to reduce the costs, which may be associated with hiring IT managers within the organization. This project can be termed of immense importance to the company since having a team dealing with IT management can be expensive. Moreover, hiring outsiders is beneficial since they will bring in their outstanding expertise to the organization. As such, the company will tap the knowledge of experts and develop sound IT management systems. The other technology project that the company can outsource includes data storage. This project will relieve the company of the burden of purchasing data storage devices, which should be used to store data in the organization. This project is of significant importance since it gives the organization an opportunity to have its data maintained properly. As a result, the company’s data cannot be damaged or lost since experts know how to store data better than the insiders of the company (Poulin, 2006). c. It leads to the synchronizing of variables and problems like stretched delivery times, inappropriate categorization of responsibilities and sub-standard quality delivery may occur (Obaidat & ICETE,

Flooding in South Africa Essay Example for Free

Flooding in South Africa Essay Most floods take hours or days to develop, giving residents enough time to prepare or evacuate. Others happen quickly and with little warning. These flash floods can be extremely dangerous and cause major damage to the landscape and the habitants of such an area. Disaster specialists have various ways of classifying floods according to their likelihood of occurring and the intensity of the flood. A hundred-year flood, for example, is an extremely large, destructive event that would theoretically be expected to happen only once every century. Heavy rain in a short period of time in the part of South Africa, caused more than hundreds of people to be homeless by heavy flooding. Floods caused many to seek refuge on rooftops and on trees. This catastrophe killed more than hundreds of people causing the death toll to rise. Recently these floods caused evacuation of the Kruger National, a game reserve in Northern South Africa. Floods also covered some farmlands and crops were killed as a result forcing farms to close. Most of the roads, dams and large buildings were damaged. Due to flooding some mines were forced to close, this the case of a coal mines in Limpopo. Floods frequently causes major infrastructure damage of roads, railway lines, electricity supply systems, water supply and sewage disposal systems. Bribges over rivers are particularly exposed to damage and disruption of transportation systems follows. The economic effects of flooding are often greater than the flood itself. (Parker 2000) According to Parker (2000) be cause floods frequently destroy crops and livestock, food shortages are not uncommon in the aftermath. Floods may affect food availability in a number of ways. Food stocks may be damaged if storage areas are flooded. Serious flooding usually disrupts transportation of food deficit areas, particularly in towns, which are cut off from supply sources and have inadequate food stock. Impacts of flooding may hinder the economic growth and development that is the high cost of relief and recovery may adversely impact investment in infrastructure and other development activities in the area and in certain cases may cripple the frail economy of the of the region. Recurrent flooding in a region may discourage long-term investments by the government and private sector alike. Lack of livehoods, combined with migration of skilled labour and inflation may have a negative impact on a region’s economic growth. Loss of resource can lead to high costs of goods and services, delaying its development programmes. (Drep operation international federation of Red Cross and crescent societies). Figure 2 three kid were during floods in Limpopo As discussed under various perspectives, it is clear from the assignment that floods had adverse impact on the socio-economic status of livehoods for people in South Africa more especially the residents of Limpopo. It is also evident that there are varying underlying causes of floods i South Africa. Places near the flood event are the most susceptible to the dangers of the floods. Proximity of these places and poverty were identified as being the main cause of vulnerability of people

The importance of Customer Relationship Management

The importance of Customer Relationship Management The main of Customer Relationship Management is to gather information or data about the customers. By using the data the customer service is made easy for those dealing with the customers as they have the readily available information needed to solve the issues. If customer is satisfied then the organization can have profitable business and also the support staff have the more resources available . A more data work is needed for the customer relationship management and these data work include the customer name, address, date of transactions, pending and finished transactions, issues and complaints, status of order, shipping and fulfillment dates , account information and many more etc.., The support staff must have the information from the customers as to provide answer to their needs to solve the issues without having to wait in the queue for long time and also to avoid them from going to other departments of the bank. With these customer service representatives will also be able to see customers previous concerns. According to Lynette Ryals; Andrian Paine (2001) with all the information about the customers previous concern the customers with the same issue again will not have to say again the same story all over again. This helps the support staff in taking less time to solve the problem and helps in increasing higher productivity of the support staff. Management success depends on the customer relationship management as it give the customer satisfaction and efficiency of service information by the help desk people at banks. This system also helps the organizations future course of act, whether it involves separating out one of the products in the shelve and the products that are sold. The information provided by the customer relationship management also helps the marketing and advertising people in identifying what ideas work and which do not work. Integration of Customer Relationship Management systems is an important task in achieving successful business profits but its not that easy task to integrate CRM system in banks. Most of the banks fail to integrate the CRM system as they need to share information for it to be effective. These systems also help in business expansion as they can handle huge amount of data which helps in coping with the increased number of customers and their data. By successful installation and implementation of CRM system can be sure that banks business will be successful and their customers are lot more satisfied than before.(Adrian Payne; Pennie Frow 2003) Why Customer Relationship Management is important to the organizations? Some of the reasons are stated below: The main strength of the Customer Relationship management system is that it organizes and collects the information about the customers and with this information the marketing staff can analyze for the future opportunities for example by this system the banks analyze the needs of the based to the customers and whats the customer needs but they arent buying. By available information the marketing staff develops a sales strategy. This includes package of new products and services offering to the customers with some incentives. The other reasons for the importance of Customer Relationship Management System is that each every customer is important to the business but some other customer are more worth than others . By differentiation of sales efforts organizations can produce more profits per sale hour and also they can increase more sales. With the help of CRM tools they can identify the position of department sales are most profitable and which customers are expected to buy them. Customer satisfaction is vital in the CRM systems as customer satisfaction involves two ideas: one is to meet the customer needs and other is to keep the keep the promises or words to the customers. For example if a customer requests for an appointment and request was confirmed with appointment date , then if u deny his appointment on given time then this shows ur respect or value given towards the customer . In this way , CRM is used to make sure that the organization is meeting the customer needs as fully as possible. Professional handling of after sale contacts such as service calls , resolving customer issues or helping the customer to choose the right product. Last but not the least is CRM system helps the organization sales and customer support representatives to work in smarter way because it provides the improved information about the customers at their finger tips which helps in maximizing the revenue of the organization. 2.7 :Purpose Of Online Banking: With the banking experiences all the banks has entered the online bank market with them traditional banks have also been moving to Internet banking(Geralch, 2000) , there is a wide acceptance that future retail banking will be influenced by electronic transactions( Jhonson et al.,1995; Graham,1997; Treanor, 1997). With the estimation there would be 60% of retail banking transactions will be online in the next ten years time( Barwise, 1997), These estimation can also be increased now a days as some internet banks have no branch offices; which they can reduce costs of operating and fixed costs by having replaced staffs and physical facilities with Information Technology (IT). These facilities or services gave the internet banks to offer lower or no fee services and also offering higher interest rates on saving accounts than to the traditional banks (Geralch, 2000). 2.9 Different e-CRM models in Online Banking: There are different eCRM models implemented by different banks in order to have relationships benefits with the customers and to gain loyalty, customer lifetime value for the banks. One of the models for e-CRM is one-to-one relationship collecting the data about the individual customer and trying to offer them the products closer to individual need. Transparent Marketing: In this the company involves in giving the individual customer as much control of the offer as possible to customer. Classic CRM: here the customer data is grouped as to be managed in a limited number of segments with giving different offers to each segment. Personalized communications and targeting: here the offer is similar to each individual customer but there is a light difference in their movements towards specific individual customer. 2.9.10 Benefits of e-CRM to Banks and Customers: e-CRM e- CRM benefits to customers Customers Interaction and Satisfaction Convenience to the customers Transaction processing speed through e- response Quality service e-CRM benefits to Banks Better relationship with the customers Using e-mail as communication channel Personalized or one to one services Using internet and websites to market their products Transaction security is benefited 3. Research Methodology 3.1 Introduction: In this chapter the main purpose is to look at the research methodology implemented by the researcher in this dissertation in order to collect data which will lead to successful literature review and to approach the theory by drawing conclusions from articles, theories and along with these some questionnaires that will lead to aim and objectives of the project. This chapter also gives some specific reasons why a research methodology has been used and it also shows how it helped to structure the content of this dissertation from a theoretical and also practical point of view. Primary and secondary data research may not be taken into consideration sometimes as it may not answer all the research questions the researcher wants to find out. This is because the information available may be out of date or it cannot relate the certain company or organization. But to answer the research question the researcher approaches primary research methods to find relevant information of the theory. 3.1.1: Research Plan and Objectives: The primary aim of the researcher is to examine and find the significance of electronic customer relationship management in online banking. Based on the case study and the questionnaire response the research questions can be examined and results can be obtained. 3.1.2: Designing the questionnaires: According to Saunders (2007) in order to do a flexible test the data collected from questionnaire and the reaction taken towards the data collected has a great extent, the researcher follows the Saunders statements as to design perfect data analysis a proper questionnaire must be designed. For a perfect data to compose one need a proper question and also data extracted from the questionnaire response will give proper data analysis. These data should be composed constantly. 3.1.3: Ethical issues of gathering data: As per Saunders (2007) variety of ethical issues are related with collected information, these ethical issues are dependent on the gathered data of both the qualitative or quantitative data. It is equally important that there should be a connection between the research problem, data collection and the analysis of the data. 3.1.4: Privacy and Anonymity: As per Saunders et al., (2007) privacy and anonymity are important to both organization or in person as it plays vital role in purchase access and meeting orders of an organization. According to Easter by -Smith in 2002 privacy and anonymity help in implication as research advancements for both the primary data collection and interviews. 3.1.5: Ethical issues: According to Saunders et al., most of the business studies and its research will always associate and maintain from the case of an organization which always guides to a series of ethical issues in a periodic manner. The researcher gets a contribution from the employees and customers of an organization while performing research in an organization or specific sector. With this the researcher can easily and analyzes the data as accurate information or primary data obtained. Researcher/Interviewer The researcher must be clear about the information required and based on that researcher designs a question. Respondent The question is decoded by the respondent in a way the researcher is intended. Researcher/Interviewer Researcher decodes the answer to analyze the data. Respondent Respondent answers or encodes the question Source:http://books.google.com/books?id=DKvOhRaTeXcCprintsec=frontcoverdq=foddy+1994source=blots=MNnxaHHFLWsig=KVEQmF2wgTvf9NJbRoiCw68EXNghl=enei=dq9xTNGSBtCPjAfXwLyoDgsa=Xoi=book_resultct=resultresnum=5ved=0CCcQ6AEwBA#v=onepageq=foddy%201994f=false Mainly types of questionnaires involve the grouping of release and blocked questions. Questions with comprehensible phrasing and also with provisos are probable to be recognizable, and understand by means of, by which the reactants can progress the strength of the questionnaire. From time to time release questions can be referred as open ruined questions (Dill man, 2000), and also reactants give the respond in their personal way (Fink, 1995a). 3.1.6: Data Used: In this research, the researcher has used both the primary and secondary data analysis. The researcher has used both qualitative and quantitative data analysis where both of them are having the potential as well as weak points (Smith, 1975).in this research the researcher has concentrated on both the primary data and the secondary data, In an organization point of view the researcher has taken a case study for the analysis of eCRM in online banking and questionnaire response was takes as primary data research. 3.2: Mechanisms Used: 3.2.1: Questionnaires: The researcher has circulated x number of questionnaires to the bank customers among the students of University of Salford, in which I got x number of responses. And these responses are analyzed for the accurate data required by the researcher. These questionnaires are best explained in the next section. 3.2.2: Data Presentation and Analysis Techniques: The researcher approaches Microsoft Excel for data presentation and presenting the questionnaires to the customers and also to differentiate the questions. Researcher has designed the semi structured graphs with respect to percentage ratios of customers response to the questionnaires. This avoids the confusion with the data analysis and helps researcher to frame and analyze the response data easily. 3.3: What is research question and objectives? 3.3.1: Research question: Whats the significance of eCRM in online banking? 3.3.2: Research Objectives: How eCRM implemented in online banking What benefits customers and banks achieve by eCRM technology in online banking To evaluate the eCRM technology implementation in online banking. 3.4: Research Design: As per Saunders (2007), research plan can be of how well the research questions can be responded and also significantly defining the research question, where it cannot be overstressed much. Research plan also includes the main objectives which are designed from the research questions by identifying where the data is collected from different sources and also considering the constraints as well as ethical issues between design and strategy. 3.4.1: Research Philosophy: According to Saunders (2007), the research philosophy is outlined because it has taken significant assumptions and also it regards the way from where the researcher wishes to vision the world. As per this, the main authority of process is likely to be mainly concentrated on the relationship between understanding the customers and the process on which it has to be improved. There are 3 ways of thinking in the philosophy of research. Axiology Epistemology Ontology(Saunders et al., 2007) Each and every approach differs in a way such that they have their own research procedure and the business situations of management research which are not only compound but also exceptional. (Saunders et al.,, 2007). 3.4.2: The Research Paradigm , design and methodologies: 3.4.3: The research Paradigm: Based on the examination and expressing form of research methodologies, the researcher obtains a qualitative and quantitative methodology of research paradigm. Effective and concentrated data is obtained by the qualitative research and over a specific period of time numeric data is obtained by quantitative analysis in natural settings. Surveys, surveillance, and interviews etc are the data gathering techniques involved in the collection of data. (Maykut et.al, 1998). 3.4.4: Epistemology: Interpretivism can be part of epistemology perspective as it advocates the necessity of the researchers to understand the differences between humans and their role as social actors (Saunders et al, 2007). In this epistemology the researcher must be in an empathetic stance, where the researcher needs to go into the world of their research subjects and from their point of view must be understood. This approach can be considered because it differentiates the subject matter between social sciences and the natural sciences. A different logic research procedure is implemented by Interpretivism as it reflects the distinctiveness of humans as against the natural order. http://www.essayforum.com/essay-writing-feedback-3/qualitative-research-methods-coursework-review-1952/ 3.4.5: Positivism: The research philosophy also produces the main factors of Positivism and this can also approve the philosophical situation of the natural scientists. Where positivism can be favored as working within the reality of social society and Physical and natural scientists produce researchers by the generalizations of end products (Remenyi et al. 1998). Positivism emerged due to the speculative philosophy inability to solve the philosophical problems which have been a raised as a scientific development. 3.4.6: Realism: In Realism scientific analysis is narrated when this is considered as one of the epistemological situations. Showing exactness of the objects that are having continuous self governing of the brain of human can be the exact meaning of Realism. Bringing up the actuality fact in which objects are of self determining of the human is the main history behind realism. The expansion of advance scientific information by realism can be part of epistemology which is related to positivism. (Mark Sanders et al., 2007). 3.4.7: Interpretive: The dissimilarities between the human beings and social performers is recognized by the supporters with the help of interpretive .Interpretive is also considered as a part of epistemology Interpretive is also called as symbolic interactions. Interpretive can be considered as sociological paradigm which differentiates by conducting research between humans and the objects like computers and automobiles. Understanding in an exact way and take action out in agreement is done in dramatic inventions where actors play a major part of role.(Mark Sanders et al., 2007). 3.4.8: Ontology: The philosophical study of nature of being or existence or reality is said to be as Ontology. Greater extension of the epistemological deliberations is considered when they move up the research questions of the supposition that are going to be included and regards of the work and the way the world work. Dedication is supposed to exist in different methodologies. Illustration of the supporters in the middle of business and researchers placed in management are two main features of Ontology. The first and main feature of ontology is about the objectivism.(Mark Saunders et al., 2007) 3.5: Research methodologies: 3.5.1: Qualitative and Quantitative: According to Zikmund (2000) any research should be qualitative or quantitative. Selectivity of approach based on the research objective is considered as quantitative research where as qualitative approach is based on the subjective nature of the research and this is also related to the case studies which are nearly related to the research objective. By conducting proper analysis which includes interviews, questionnaires, feedbacks, e-mails helps in answering the questions like why and how , which is considered as quantitative approach (Miles Huberman, 1994). Research papers and case study analysis are considered as qualitative methods of approach, where the main aim is to receive the information and there by understanding the research problem. From the above discussion it is clear evident that researcher gets the accurate data and also finds flexible to understand the research in particular. Thus quantitative research gives the researcher better idea of studying the objectives of the research rather than just generalizing them. 3.5.2: Research Strategy: Based upon research strategy there are different types such as experiments, surveys, observations, questionnaires and case studies. (Yin, 1994). 3.5.2.1: Experiments: Experiments conducted in any business have good perspective in establishing effective relationships. These experiments help to pick up a variable and allow controlling the other two likewise. Controlling circumstances leads to pick up one or more variable which can be operated to test a hypothesis, but controlling of circumstances is achieved by conducting experiments. (Zikmund, 2000). According to Yin (1994) this research study doesnt suit the experimental research strategy as it doesnt have control over the behavioral events. 3.5.2.2: Case Studies: In these case studies the researcher obtains the data from one or few similar situations in their research area of work. The case study explores the whole organization and this is main advantage of the case studies research strategy. An empirical examination of a definite event within the context of the real world can be considered as case study research strategy (Saunders et al., 2003). This approach also produces solutions to how, why, and what questions (Yin, 1994). In this research the researcher also choose the case study analysis within the organization point of view. 3.5.2.3: Observations: Observation strategy is much used in research by using the written or recorded data (Zikmund, 2000). One of the major advantages of the observation technique is that it records the behavior without relying on the respondents reports. The data collected is discrete and passive where respondents are not involved, it can often be considered as non -reactive. 3.5.2.4: Interviews: Face to face interview or questionnaire sent or formal surveys with structured questions are different types of interviews. (Yin, 1984). The researcher has chosen this method of research strategy such that researcher can analyse all the bank customers responses. The researcher has mainly chosen the survey methods by collecting data from the bank customers with help of questionnaires on the data sheets. Here the survey methods are implemented as this is convenient and inexpensive for the researcher to obtain the accurate data required for finding the results with respect to the literature review discussed. The survey methods can be of different types based on the objective of the organizations, the different sampling methods used in this research by the researcher are offline and online survey methods with questionnaire add to them. Offline survey: Convenience sampling method is one of the easy and inexpensive methods used in this research as it inexpensive, time saving and also it can obtain accurate data without spending much money. These also have the drawbacks but the implementation of convenience compensates other disadvantages. Probability sampling methods are expensive and time consuming when compared to convenience sampling methods and therefore the researcher has chosen convenience sampling method .However, before having the offline survey all the respondents must have following criteria to answer the questionnaire. Must be student of University of Salford. Must be familiar with internet so that they can be able to use internet banking service. The main aim of this offline survey is to obtain results from x number of students from different universities. Researcher also attempts to have survey from both the males and females for obtaining the valid data. For this approach, the researcher approached students of different universities to obtain the results by getting responses to the questionnaires in the data sheets. The time taken for having interview with respondents is less than two minutes to get the response data. The disadvantage of this kind of research method is the researcher can only obtain results to few students from different universities where this data cannot represent all the students of different universities in UK. Thus to overcome this kind of approach the researcher attempted online survey which did not limit the geographical representation of the respondent, which cannot be the negative issue of the research. By comparing these results from both online and offline surveys the researcher has drawn the conclusions. The questionnaire for the offline survey is presented in the appendix. Online survey: In this research the self satisfaction sampling method was used to obtain the results from the students. This method helps the researcher to get the response from different students from different universities in UK. Before this research the respondent must satisfy this criteria: Must be university student (full time) Must know the internet banking to answer the questionnaires. The main aim of the researcher is to obtain results from the students of different universities through the online questionnaire response. The researcher had designed in the questionnaire in http://www.surveygizmo.com/ and sent this online questionnaire to the University of Salford and various university students with the covering message to the respondents regarding the questionnaire response. The questionnaire was advertised on http://www.surveygizmo.com/ to obtain results from different students of different universities where researcher has friends in different universities. The researcher mainly concentrated on University of Salford, University of Manchester, University of Bolton, Liverpool Hope University and also students from different universities in UK through online questionnaire. The research questionnaire is presented in appendix. The questionnaire was sent to different students and out of them X number of responses were received in which only Y number of responses are valid as the customers cannot understand the questionnaire and this data was analysed using the reports from the response of the customers of the banks. Thus the online questionnaire was distributed to different students through university discussion forums or through the university administration network which took less than 10 minutes for the students to answer the questionnaire. The main Problem faced during this research is designing the questionnaire in the online survey website. The other problems are like students responding to only few questions and not to all the questions. 3.6 Ethical issues of Data Collection: There are few ethical issues occurred in this online survey. The online questionnaire doesnt have any personal data rather than the age and gender of the respondents. This is because the researcher attempted to compare results among different age groups among males and females. Here the main ethical issue is that the respondent answers the questionnaire only if that doesnt have any personal data questions such as name, address, mobile number etc. Thus the respondent answers the questions honestly with the belief. Due to fact that personal banking is a sensitive issue for many people, the researcher has mainly concentrated on subject related questions rather than personal data collection such as income, how often do they bank or any other personal questions which could affect the respondents response. |According Saunders et. al., the research should not embrace the population or any other material disadvantage. Here all the necessary precautions are taken to get response from the university students and results are analysed for the conclusion. Here the researcher did not offer any incentives to the respondents in order to get the response from different university students.

Comparing Katharina, of The Taming of the Shrew and Beatrice of Much Ad

Comparing Shakespeare’s Katharina, of The Taming of the Shrew and Beatrice, of Much Ado About Nothing Shakespeare’s Katharina, of The Taming of the Shrew and Beatrice, of Much Ado About Nothing, are very similar characters.   Each is plagued with unrequited love, and depressed by their inability to woo the suitor of their choosing.   Neither will accept the passive female role expected by society. Yet, both women seem to accept their role as wife by the conclusion.   Upon further examination, one will find that Beatrice is a much more complex character.   One would have to agree with the critic who said, "Katharina is a character sketched in bold, rapid stokes, with none of Beatrice's sophistication, verbal brilliance, or emotional depth."   In Taming of the Shrew, the first introduction to Katharina, by Gremio and Hortensio, tells that she is a shrew, (1.I .54-60) and that she will never find a groom.   When she first speaks we see her responding to these insults, but she was provoked so her words seem appropriate.   Yet as the play continues we see Katharina tying up Bianca, (2.I.29) and hitting her.   This can be rejected as sibling rivalry, but later Katharina slaps Petruchio when he is trying to woo her (2.I.214). Katharina seems to have a physically violent side that isn't present in Beatrice.   She also does not seem to have as strong as a character as Beatrice, especially when one considers that Petruchio was able to tame her in a very short time. In the opening scene of Much Ado About Nothing,   Beatrice says some harsh things about Benedick (1.I.37-43).   She seems to be unprovoked but very rigid in her opinion of him.   In Leonato's house, the discussion of Beatrice and marriage leads her uncle to conclude that, "Thou... ...y is important.   But the most important thing to note is that the weaker of the two did change her attitudes, beliefs and actions in order to become a better wife for her husband.   Both women seem to be happy as do the men and like most conclusions of Shakespeare's plays, all the loose ends are tied up. Works Cited and Consulted Barton, Anne. Introduction. Much Ado About Nothing. The Riverside Shakespeare, 2nd ed. Boston: Houghton Mifflin Co., 1997. 361-365. Dash, Irene G. "Wooing, Wedding, and Power: Women in Shakespeare Plays". The Critical Perspective Volume 2. Ed. Harold Bloom. New York: Chelsea House Publishers, 1986. 825-833. Shakespeare, William. The Taming of the Shrew. Logan, IA: The Perfection Form Company, 1996. Shakespeare, William; Much Ado About Nothing; Washington Square Press; New York, NY; New Folger Edition May 1995

Ira Aldridge :: essays research papers fc

Ira Frederick Aldridge was born on July 24, 1807 in New York. However, his birthplace remained questionable until 40 or so years ago. It has also been listed as Senegal(Africa), and Maryland. However conclusive evidence was found in the 1950s that he was born in New York. Included in this evidence are his British Naturalization papers and Death Certificate. His father was Reverend Daniel Adlridge , a straw vendor and preacher in "Old Zion". His mother was Lurranah. Ira grew up in a house on what is now West Broadway in New York City. He attended the African Free School No.2, which provided free education for Black children. The African Free School was established in 1787 on Cliff Street with one classroom for 40 children. After it was burnt down in 1814, it was relocated to No. 245 William Street. In 1820, A second African Free School was built in 1820 on Mulberry Street. This was known as the Arfrican Free School No. 2. It was here that Ira attended school. However, it is believed that he also attended No. 1 in his earlier childhood years. The African Free Schools are credited with contributing to the Abolitionist movement. They inspired them to fight for equal rights and use themselves as living examples that Blacks and Whites have the same potentials. Ira spent much of his childhood at neighborhood theaters where he watched Black people perform many roles varying from skits to Shakespearean roles, such as Richard III. He mainly attended two theaters. The first one was the Park Theater that opened in 1798.Two frequent actors were Brits by the names of James and Henry Wallack. In this theater he didn't get such great seats since it was segregated, so he preferred the African Theater, owned by a gentleman by the name of Mr. Brown. One of the actors who frequently performed there was James Hewlett. He was very talented and had a profound impact on young Ira. When he entered his teens he performed a skit called "Opossum up a gum tree" locally. People were impressed, and he was dubbed the "African Roscius." Ira became friendly with the Wallacks and was their personal attendant. In that time, when Blacks were starting to be accepted in American culture, a religious profession was something to aspire to. Therefore, Daniel constantly urged Ira to follow in his footsteps. He took him out of the theater so he could sit next to him in his church.

Iron Deficient Anemia

Iron-Deficient Anemia Millions of Americans today often admit to being regularly fatigued, attributing it to busy schedules and not enough sleep. These factors certainly can cause fatigue, but, fatigue tends to be a more common underlying symptom of a health condition called iron-deficient anemia. In the article, Understanding Anemia, the Basics, WebMD. com describes iron-deficient anemia as a condition that â€Å"occurs because of a lack of the mineral iron in the body. † It further states that â€Å"without adequate iron, the body cannot produce enough hemoglobin for the red blood cells. Typical indications of anemia include, fatigue, weakness, irritability, headache, pale skin color, and shortness of breath. A more moderate case of anemia may be comprised of the above symptoms and others, such as, numb hands and feet, cold hands and feet, brittle nails, and trouble concentrating. According to the NAAC, the National Anemia Action Council, â€Å"the less common, yet still n oted, experiences with anemia consist of an irregular heartbeat, a desire to eat peculiar things, sexual dysfunction, and chest pains. † In order to obtain a clear diagnosis of iron-deficient anemia, there are a few steps that need to be taken. Initially, a physical examination by a licensed medical doctor should be performed. This will allow the doctor to determine what symptoms and complications are prevalent. To further conclude a positive result for anemia, the doctor will order blood tests, namely a CBC, (complete blood count), a fecal occult test, and a test to check the vitamin and mineral levels in the blood. Specifically checking for iron, ferritin, and vitamin b12 is essential in determining anemia by blood. Once a positive result of anemia is verified, the doctor can then discuss treatments. Google Health, at google. com states that in milder cases of anemia, the doctor will recommend the patient to â€Å"take iron supplements by mouth† and â€Å"eat iron-rich foods such as egg yolks, fish, legumes, meats, raisins, and whole grain breads. † The more severe exmaples of anemia might require iron by injection, iron given intravenously, or, as a last resort, a blood transfusion may be needed. Understanding the indications of anemia and the preventative measures one can take, may be helpful to many people who can’t comprehend why they are so tired all the time. Anemia is one of the most common and most undiagnosed conditions in America today. Education can make the difference in one who helps themselves, and one who continues to suffer from anemia. Works Cited â€Å"Iron Deficiency Anemia† Google Health https://www. google. com/health/ref/Iron+deficiency+anemia â€Å"Iron Deficiency Anemia† NAAC- National Anemia Action Council January 14, 2009 http://www. anemia. org â€Å"Understanding Anemia, the Basics† WebMD December 14, 2008 http://www. webmd. com/a-to-z-guides/understanding-anemia-basics

General Biology Ii Essay

I’m giving you a lecture note template rather than the ppt slides because the template takes less paper to print, includes tables that synthesize information from multiple slides, and includes blanks for you to fill in during in-class activities. IV. Practice Exam Questions These are questions similar to ones I will likely ask on the exam. Some of the questions are from past exams. V. Homework Assignment – This assignment covers the latter half of ecology and the first chapter of this unit. I. Learning Goals Overarching Content Goals: Students should be able to trace matter and energy across scales (cellular to organismal to ecosystem) and to use the laws of conservation of matter and energy in their reasoning. * trace molecules as they enter an organism as food or the building blocks of food (i. e. CO2 in plants) and follow those molecules as atoms are rearranged into the molecules used and stored in the body, and as they exit an organism and enter other organisms or the environment. * trace energy as it enters an organism as food or light (photoautotrophs) and should be able to follow the energy as it is converted to different forms (e. . chemical potential energy, heat) and trace energy as it exits an organism and enters another organism or the environment. * Explain body systems as mechanisms for transporting, transforming and conserving matter and energy (Ex. Discuss why temperature regulation is so important in plants and animals, and the costs and benefits of ectothermy and endothermy. )

Shakespeare- Othello and The Merchant of Venice Essay

Shakespeare- Othello and The Merchant of Venice - Essay Example At this stage, the audience witnesses the theme of hypocrisy. Lago accepts the whopping sum of money from Rodriguez and pretends to hate Othello, his master. The two plan on reporting Othello to Brabantio, Desdemona’s father who decides to go and attack Othello on claims that he abused a fairer. The play gets engrossing as the wishes of Rodriguez to take Desdemona as her wife does not succeed. Before the set date, for the attack Lago reports the incident to Othello; faking that Rodriguez is responsible for calling Brabantio. While handling the matter, the duke calls for Othello to go and handle the Cypress. Brabantio, annoyed of the incident, comes with Othello to the Duke and accuses him of bewitching her daughter, Desdemona. The two profess their love before the king, and the argument is dispersed (Shakespeare & Rāghava, Act 1). On the other hand in the drama, the Merchant of Venice, the play narrowly escapes becoming a tragedy. The drama classification appears external, causes of occurrence more real than supernatural. The play is performed, at a time where Venice city was termed the greatest. The Mediterranean sides were isolated and left in isolation. The scene then retaliates to Belmont, which means beauty. The dominant theme in the play is the value of life compared to the value of property. The play later on disintegrates into two settings: the scene at Venice and the scene at Belmont The relationship between the two scenes is that both accomplish a means to an end. The theme of prejudice is also evident when the Jews hate the Christians. Shylock hates Antonio and determined to kill him. The opportunity presents itself, when Antonio risks his life for Bassanio, his friend, who needed the amount to help him woe Portia, a Belmont, Beauty in style. The return of the money almost turns into a tragedy as Antonio ship failed to return and the debt is still due (Shakespeare et al, Act

Prevention against African American Male Drop outs in high school Research Paper

Prevention against African American Male Drop outs in high school - Research Paper Example Education, therefore, remains an important tool by which many persons become empowered and the social, economic and private well-being of the people in particular country increases. A high rate of drop-outs in a country decreases the number of qualified citizens from varied backgrounds who eventually enter the political and professional ranks that make significant public policy decisions. Educating students and equipping them to become responsible, knowledgeable, socially skilled and contributing citizens should be a mission for every school. The fact that very many students never complete their high school studies has a deep and a broad impact on the long-term economic goals of U.S. The education department in U.S, the NCES (National Center for education statistics) states that the central income of people of ages eighteen to sixty-seven who had not finished high school was estimated around twenty-five thousand in 2009. Currently, a significant section of the same population is beli eved to remain in poverty while a global scale of competitiveness of the American struggle lags behind.A certain percentage of the number of students enrolled in private or public high schools in a particular year demonstrate this. For example, four percent of the total number of students enrolled in high school both in public and private school in the year 2008 left school before their second year was completed. An equivalent number of students drop out of school before the completion of their high school course.... There was not a significant difference on the year 2009 event for the rates of drop outs for both females and males. With respect to age, twenty to twenty four years aged students are more affected than the fifteen to seventeen aged students. A big question lies on the event of school drop outs with respect to why a greater percentage is made for the African American students. Although dropping out from school has been a disaster which strikes many students indiscriminatevely, the African American students are found to be greatly absorbed in the ruin. This poses a question which seeks to find out WHY or to determine the reasons behind this issue of school drop outs. This document is meant to determine the problems associated with school drop outs with respect to the African American boy child. The African American boys are greatly affected with this event since they are found to be the most affected with dropping out of school. According to researches, there are some associated reaso ns behind the problem of dropping out from school in America. This has been determined by carrying out many researches relevant to the problem. The research has been conducted through the use of certain qualitative and quantitative research methods. On the quantitative analysis, the paper describes the expected number of school drop outs in America. This includes carrying out an estimated or actual numbers of the school dropouts with respect to the race, color and age. As it has been depicted earlier, there are some varied percentages of the students who drop out of school in America. This has been analyzed with accordance to race and age. Broken down by race, the rates of the estimated event drop outs were recorded

Maintaining competence in nursing practice Essay - 1

Maintaining competence in nursing practice - Essay Example I believe that this is an important part of my nursing practice because it would help ensure that my patients would essentially be protected from harm. It is important for me to know about the legal requirements in the administration of medications. These legal requirements are important in order to avoid medication errors, to manage adverse drug reactions, to manage side effect, and to ensure the proper administration of the drug (Garrett and Craig, n.d). It is important for me to improve my legal knowledge about the proper administration of drugs and to know the proper prescribing, compounding, dispensing, administration, education, monitoring, and use of the drug (NCCMERP, 2007). I need to enhance my dispensation skills for these medicines because I would likely encounter and be asked to dispense medicines with similar packaging, medicines which are not commonly prescribed or commonly used, or medications which many patients are allergic to, and those which require testing to secu re proper therapeutic levels (Hughes and Blegen, n.d). Medications which also sound alike are possible causes for errors. These risks are part of the practice and represent areas which I need to focus on. I also need to consider the different â€Å"Rights† in medication administration in order to prevent medication errors. These â€Å"Rights† include the following: the right patient, the right drug, the right dose, the right route, and the right time (Fogarty and McKeon, 2005). By mastering these aspects of drug administration, I would be complying with the minimum legal requirements for drug administration. It is also essential for me to participate in case review activities because these case review activities can help in the assessment and evaluation of cases and activities within the nursing practice. Each activity and case

He is My Hero - Essay about my Grandfather Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

He is My Hero - about my Grandfather - Essay Example He might never have caned me but his advice challenged me even at a very tender age. He would always be straightforward with me and warned me that he was not going to watch me turn into a wicked child. He was a very loving man, not only towards me but also towards my grandmother. My grandfather had a great heart, to be sincere, I have not known anyone with such a heart. His face always shone with a smile even when facing hard times. Most thought his life was ever smooth but we who were around him knew the many hardships he had faced. Even when he was sick and could barely raise his head, he always preached peace and love. He would call all of us, his grandchildren and tell us how important it was to be good to other even when they were not good to us. Being a great physician, he would always inspire me by the way he dedicated himself to ensuring that he gave his best to his patients. Sometime he would wake up in the middle of the night to go attend to patients even he was not in duty , particularly when he learnt that there were emergency case. I will never forget one incidence since it really touched me. It revealed to me something I had never known about my grandfather. I would often go to see him in the hospital when I was young since he worked a few metres from our house. While I was visiting him on one of the occasions there happened to be a patient who needed a liver transplant but had not found a donor even after making requisitions from several organizations that deal with organ transplant. However, it happened that my grandfather’s liver matched with his. Nonetheless, the hospital prohibited organ donation by the staff members. Irrespective of this, my father requested the surgeon in charge to arrange for him to donate part of his liver to the almost dying man. The surgeon was reluctant and reported the matter to the hospital administrator. When the administrator learnt of my grandfather’s plan, he threatened to sack him if he decided to g o on with his plan. Most thought that my grandfather would give up and forget about the whole issue but his personality could not let him do so. He demanded that he had to donate his organ, which he eventually did though he lost his job. Most of his workmates felt that he was irrational since he was helping a stranger at the expense of his job. Even the family members could not understand his actions. Several years later, I asked him why he had chosen to do this. What he told me made me realize he was a rare kind of a person. He was a bighearted hero and no one or anything could prevent him from doing what he was right. He told me that the best thing you can do is to follow your instincts if you felt what you were doing was right, since you only have one chance to live. Giving up a job to enable him donate his liver was one of the greatest sacrifices that a person could ever make. We knew he was noble and generous but not to such an extent. Those who knew him in the hospital thought he was just a physician like any other doctor, but he was more than that. You only needed to know him more to realize the kind of a person he was. When he lost his job, he decided to dedicate himself to charity work. Some thought he was ridiculous to spend his time working as a volunteer in hospitals that took care of less privileged. According to him, he was just doing the right thing. He was such a talented doctor, but he used his talent

Porter's Five Forces Model Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Porter's Five Forces Model - Essay Example It is needed to discuss to what extent that Porter's model of national competitive advantage adequately accounts for variations in national business systems and comparative economic performance. Porter's theoretical postulates on national competitive advantage have been critically examined by many authors. Egan (1995) suggests that Porter's focus on a specific country's success in international trade in one particular industry is of importance due to the fact that there is the untiring accent of the often superior model that the customer comes first. This paper examines Porter's emphasis on the four determinants (the Diamond) of the national competitive advantage (Porter, 1990). Porter's arguments on factor conditions go to the other extreme as well. He proposes that lack of resources would not act as a barrier to development, Eg. Switzerland, Singapore like countries. His demanding conditions are equally loaded with such positivity as a complicated domestic market and its implications in guaranteeing a competitive edge in international markets to the country concerned. Eg. wine industry of France. His related and supporting industries argument parenthetically emphasizes the technology-related benefits (Rao, & Holt, 2005). The spill-over effects of main industries lead to the creation of supporting industries and next the cyclical effect goes on and on to bring about a very positive outcome in competitive advantage, Eg. Italy's leather shoe industry. Finally his firm strategy, structure and rivalry related posture focuses on capital markets, individuals' career choices, management structures and strategic competitive environment in domestic markets. AnalysisOutline of Porter's Diamond of national competitiveness Competitive advantage in international trade is defined as "the nation's capacity to entice firms (both local and foreign) to use the country as a platform from which to conduct business" (Paulson, & Wilber, 2002). The sectoral strength /weakness analysis of a nation's economy to determine competitive advantage in international trade by Porter is a revolutionary idea which gathered some more drive during the post 1998 period. Whereas many economists have doubted the efficacy of Porter's conceptual framework of the "diamond of national competitiveness" basically owing to its many shortcomings in structural consistency, others agree that its theoretical underpinnings have stronger relevance to modern international trade context. Factor conditions, as Porter defined them, not only refer to mere physical resources such as land, labor and capital but also to some key or specialized factors which are being continuously created as against being inherited (Murmann, 2003). For example the firm continuously innovates and produces a specialized set of resources such as capital, skilled labor and infrastructure. After all such specialized resources cannot be copied by rivals - the resource-based view of the firm and leadership.Porter also discusses non-key or non-specialized resources such as unskilled labor. According to him they fail to create a permanent competitive advantage because they are not endowed with those difficult-to-duplicate characteristics that are inherent in specialized

Active Versus Passive Mind Debate Essay Example for Free

Active Versus Passive Mind Debate Essay Étienne Bonnot de Condillac an 18th-century French philosopher contended that the senses are the foundation for all ideas and other functions carried out in the mind. Another prominent French philosopher, Renà © Descartes supported the Rationalistic theory; an explanation of behavior based on logic that has nothing to do with the senses. Condillac’s Sensationalism premise and Descartes theory of Rationalism serve as fuel for the classic active versus passive mind debate. The passive mind theory suggests that all learning occurs through the experience of sensations, in the absence of voluntary mind control processes, while the active mind theory claims the exact opposite; that individuals actively focus certain mental processes on the subject matter and the senses play no part in the process. Descartes also believed that sensory data was inclined to be false and was therefore useless, suggesting that mathematical deduction was the only path to the truth. Justin Skirry 2008 I believe that both theories have some validity. The problem arises for me with the use of the word all by Condillac, and the use of the word only by Descartes, which is what takes the theories from the moderate part of the continuum to the extreme. Sensory learning is of course a proven fact, but it is also a fact that active learning occurs as well. It is not unusual for a philosopher to be both a sensationalist and a rationalist at the same time. I tend to trust my deductive powers of reasoning more than my senses, because many outside forces can alter the senses. Take emotion for instance, I am aware of the role unchecked emotions can play in faulty decision-making. I have learned not to make important decisions when I am in a highly emotional state.

Development of a Resilient Wireless Sensor Network

Development of a Resilient Wireless Sensor Network Development of a Resilient Wireless Sensor Network for Real-Time Outdoor Applications Maneesha Vinodini Ramesh, Parvathy Rajan, Divya Pullarkat Abstract Wireless sensor networks that are deployed for any outdoor applications face the challenge of link variations. The outdoor sensor network would be affected because of unpredictable changes in the environment. The effect can vary accordingly with a single hop and a multi hop sensor network. In this paper, we analyze the causes of poor link quality, received signal strength and packet reception rate due to factors such as shadowing, fading, foliage, and rainfall. We use the packet-oriented simulation tool, Qualnet 5.0.2 to create a simulation framework. This enables us to observe the effects of the signal quality separately and independently after the environmental factors. The results developed from the simulation are tested and assessed with the data received from the real time wireless sensor network to monitor landslides located at Munnar, India. Keywords— wireless sensor networks, shadowing, fading, link quality, received signal strength, rate of packet loss, path loss, fault tolerant I. Introduction Wireless sensor networks are extensively used for environmental monitoring, landslide detection, disaster management etc. These networks are mostly deployed in outdoor scenarios. These outdoor deployments of wireless sensor networks experience intermittent loss of link due to rainfall, foliage, fading and shadowing. This will affect the reliability of the network due to reduction in the packet reception rate. Hence outdoor wireless sensor networks needs an efficient fault tolerant mechanism capable to deal with the dynamic changes in the environment. For the design and development of a fault tolerant network it is highly necessary to accurately predict the expected dynamic changes in the environment and its effects on the network. The dynamic changes in an outdoor environment are due to rainfall rate, fog, vegetation, reflection, diffraction, shadowing etc. Due to these effects we cannot assure a line of sight path in every scenario. The non line of sight path causes the signal to degrade and cause the low quality in the transmission. To avoid the degradation of the link quality this work aims to determine the causes of link variation and the network parameters that get affected due to this change. Existing empirical models for rainfall, foliage, shadowing and fading are used to analyze the cause and effect relation using Qualnet software simulator. These analysis results will be used for developing an adaptive routing protocol that will increase the reliability of the system. To find out how the environmental factors are affecting the signal quality a simulation model was done in Qualnet. By integrating the models in the Qualnet simulator the impact of different rate of packet transmissions were analyzed with respect to path loss and packet reception rate variations. It is observed that rainfall rate and propagation distance through foliage above a particular value affects the signal quality drastically than any other propagational parameters. To investigate the accuracy of the simulated model, data from the real-time wireless sensor network system for landslide monitoring, deployed at Munnar, India was correlated with the simulated result and it showed about 95% similarity. In this paper section II describes the related works. The propagational challenges prone to the wireless sensor networks are described in section III. The software architecture design used for the simulation is shown in section IV. The simulation results with various cases were shown in section V. Section VI conveys the conclusion and future works. II. Related Works: In [1] Margham et al. the effect of rainfall rate on the link quality was analyzed and the result shown that there is a negative impact on the link quality. But the authors did not considered or investigated any effect of path loss, shadowing and fading effects. In [2] Boccur et al. a statistical analyzing on the link quality estimation is done by building a software bench marking tool called RadialE where the authors failed to discuss on the dynamic change of environment effect on the link quality. In [6] Ahmed et al. the authors discussed the accuracy of the existing path loss model with linear regression method on the measured data. Then concluded that a site specific information is necessary for the deployment of the wireless sensor networks. In [3] Ren et al. the effect of Rayleigh fading and shadowing was done by simulation in the opnet simulator. The effect of the path loss was also optimized through adapting the path loss exponent values. In [8]Dasarathan et al. the signal st rength measurements were taken with path loss, shadowing and fading models. Done with InSSIDer simulator to take different signal strength values on outdoor and indoor environments at different locations. In [9] Erceg et al. a path loss model and path loss exponent model based determination of signal strength was done for the deployment at outdoor. Putra et al. [15]explains that a signal is affected with the effect of vegetation and wind. A statistical analyzing is done. The linearity relationship between the received signal strength and link quality is calculated in Ekka [4] et al. In [7]Nose et al. a signal strength based route construction is done to tolerate fault in the network. In most of the existing works the network performance was discussed either through any propagation effects, a combined analyzing is not done so far. This paper analyzed the combined effect of the propagational effects in the network quality. III. Propagational challenges: The wireless sensor networks deployed in the outdoor can be affected by various propagational challenges such as path loss, fading, shadowing etc. Most of these propagational effects are mainly due to the environmental factors such as rainfall, foliage, fog, wind etc. The effects of fading, shadowing, path loss, rain and foliage in WSN are studied in this work that are discussed in below sections. A. Foliage model selection: Most of the empirical foliage loss models for the propagation path are exponential decay models, such as Weissberger model ,ITU Recommendation(ITU-R) model COST235 model, ITU-R model, Maximum attenuation (MA) model, Nonzero gradient (NZG) model, and Dual Gradient (DG) model [5]. In general, the exponential decay model has the following form [5]: (1) Where A, B, and C are the parameters from different experiments with regression techniques. The gradient models, the NZG model [5] was proposed by Seville to rectify the zero gradient problem associated with the MA model [5]. However the NZG and MA model are not taking the frequency information as inputs. Hence by these models, we cannot analyze the propagation effects of different frequencies. Subsequently, the DG model is proposed with the antenna beam width and the operating frequency as the input parameters. since there is no frequency information in both the NZG model and MA model [5]. The different models based on horizontal path propagation with its empirical formula are as follows: Weissberger model [5]: (2) Where f is the frequency(GHz) , and d is the distance of propagation through foliage it should be between 14 meter and 400 meter. ITU-R model [5]: (3) Where f is the frequency in MHz, and d is the tree depth in meter. MA model [5]: (4) Where Am is the maximum attenuation, R0 is the initial gradient of the attenuation rate curve, and d is the distance of propagation through the foliage. Since most of the wireless sensor networks uses GHz frequency range for communication, the weissberger model for determining the path loss effects in WSN. B. Rainfall model: The rainfall model is used to study attenuation in the transmited signal due to rain fall. Many scattering models are existing to find the signal degradation due to rainfall. But all those scattering models require the complex calculation of the distance between the scattering object and the receiver and the transmitter. The rainfall attenuation model’s applied equation is [1]: (5) Where, R is the rainfall rate in millimeter per hour. (6) (7) C. Fading Model: Fading is one of the major propagation effects in all wireless communication systems. The fading may differ with time, geographical position and radio frequency, and is modeled as a random process. A communication channel that experience fading is a fading channel. In any wireless systems, fading may either due to multipath propagation, known as multipath causing fading, or due to shadowing from obstacles affects the wave propagation, sometimes called as shadow fading. As Rayleigh fading model is used to model the fading in non line of sight path, it is used in this work. Rayleigh fading distribution is as follows [14]: (8) Where r is the rms value of the voltage of the signal and sigma is the standard deviation from the expected mean value. D. Log Normal Shadowing Model: The large scale signal power strength model is used for predicting the average signal strength as a function of distance between the Transmitter and Receiver which may include antenna gains, height, and frequency of operation. The path loss model does not discriminate between two locations which are at the same distance from the base station, but are at two distinct directions. This is due to the fact that the path loss model is not considering the effect of local clutter. In reality if we consider two locations then the local mean of the path losses will vary. The Path loss model only conveys an average value of path loss of the transmitted signal in a region or area. The local mean is a random value and its effect is calculated through the shadowing model. Thus the Path loss formula is extended in order to taken care the local mean variation as well. Hence the combined effect of the path loss and the shadowing are considered to calculate the received signal strength at a distanceâ €˜d’ [7]: (9) Where: K is a constant which depends on the antenna characteristics. à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¾ is the path loss exponent. à °Ã‚ Ã¢â‚¬ ºÃ‚ ¹ is the Gaussian distributed random variable. The above mentioned propagation models are used to analyze the characteristics of the degrading signal such as received signal strength and the packet loss due to poor link quality. IV. Software Architecture: The architecture is designed in such a way to study the characteristics of the output signal with the different effects of the propagational parameters. In the figure 1, the propagation models module includes the fading model, shadowing model, rainfall attenuation model and vegetation attenuation model. Fig 1: Architecture used for the simulation The output signal is analyzed with link quality, received signal strength and the packet reception rate. The link quality is the ratio in the received signal strength to the noise power. Signal strength is the received signal strength received at the receiver. Packet loss is the number of packets received out of the total packet sent. It can also be inferred as the packet reception rate. V. Simulation and Results: A. Simulation modeling for rainfall attenuation model: According to equations (6), (7) and (8) we created different simulation scenarios in Qualnet to obtain a series of data with the link quality and received signal strength .The simulation results obtained using Qualnet GUI interface are shown in figure 5 and figure 6. B. Simulation of path loss: In Qualnet simulator a sensor network scenario is created where the sender node is sending a total of 100 packets. This scenario is used to infer the effect of path loss in the transmitted signal with combined effect of the environmental parameters such as the rainfall rate and the distance of propagation through foliage. Then at different transmitter-receiver distance, the path loss is calculated and plotted the graph in Matlab. From the investigation of the graph shown in figure 2, a 40 dB difference in the path loss estimated without the effect of the environmental factors than with the effect of the environmental factors. C. Simulation of packet reception rate: The packet reception rate is analyzed with the combined effect of the environmental factors like the rainfall rate and the distance of propagation through foliage. The result in figure 3 shows the packet loss due to the effect of environmental factors is higher than the scenario where there is no effect of environmental factors. This is due to the rainfall attenuation and the foliage effect. Analyzing the effects of these two factors is needed drastically to find out the minimum level of rainfall rate and the distance of propagation through foliage which affects the degradation of the signal. On analyzing the graph it conveys that rainfall Rainfall rate above 350 millimeter per hour is Environmental factors increase the effect of path loss which results in the reduction of the link quality. D. Effect of shadowing mean in the transmitted signal: The shadowing mean is varied and analyzed the packet loss with the variation. From the analysis of the simulation result, it is clear that the packet loss started when the shadowing mean is above 4dB. All the packets are lost when the shadowing mean is above 11dB. E. Effect of Rainfall rate in the transmitted signal: The variation in the rain fall rate has affected the signal only above 350mm/hr. No packet loss is observed within the range of 50-350mm/hr . The reduction in the link quality can result in packet loss is proved through simulation result which is shown in figure 6. Also the link quality of the signal is analyzed and The link quality is observed to be decreasing with  increase in rainfall rate. F. Effect of foliage in the transmitted signal: The distance of propagation through the foliage, affects the signal quality. Even the movement of vegetation due to degrade the signal quality which is not investigated in this paper. In figure 7, the simulation result of foliage model is shown. If the distance through foliage is more than 10 meters, it will affect the packet reception rate. The link quality is also analyzed with the variation in the distance through foliage. The result from graph in figure 8 shows if the distance through propagation is above 10 meters can affect the signal quality. G. Effect of transmission power in the packet loss: With the result obtained using the different rainfall rates which is shown in figure 9, it is clear that when rainfall rate is above 5.833 mm per minute packet loss is observed. So assuming the rainfall rate to be 5.833 mm per minute the distance through foliage is varied and the result is analyzed. Figure 9: Varying the distance through foliage with different transmission powers H. Real Data Analysis: The real data is received from the real-time wireless sensor network system for landslide monitoring, deployed at Munnar, India. 90% match with simulated result and real data from munnar is obtained in the real data analysis result shown in figure 10. The real data from landslide monitoring system is analyzed with the simulated result in the Qualnet with the combined effect of the environmental parameters like the rainfall rate, foliage, shadowing and fading. The result holds the fact that the models were showing similar results as in theoretical models. VI. Conclusion and Future works: To analyze the effect of propagation and environmental factors on the signal quality we implemented simulation of these models in the Qualnet. Simulation result shows the rainfall rate and the distance of propagation through foliage have a major effect on the performance of the network especially on the link quality and packet reception rate. Then the simulated result is analyzed with real time wireless sensor network system for landslide monitoring deployed at munnar. In future from these analyzed results we are planning to design an adaptive routing protocol that adapts its path with the best available link quality.