Comparison of UK and Indian Cultures

Comparison of UK and Indian CulturesIntroductionIn this era of globalization in clientele environment, companies ar expanding their moving in all over the world, i.e. in antithetic countries and all(prenominal) of them with divergent glosss. One atomic number 18a in particular of growing sizeableness is inter cultural c ar skills. Culture in international business nowadays is recognized to defy a major role to play in the international sales, marketing, recruitment, management and mergers.In pathetic, culture is behind e realthing we do or say.(www.kwintessential.co.uk)Therefore, in the international and multi-cultural business community, there argon very much possibilities of mistakes which plunder have a negative effect on the race which will intern affect the productivity of the organization. This complexity requires a manager to adapt in order to leave modern solutions to these problems. (www.kwintessential.co.uk)Culture isSomething shared by all or almost all me mbers of some social collection.Something older members of a base try to get through to younger members.Something (as in the case of morals, laws, and customs) that shapes behavior, or structures ones perception of he world.Therefore culture is all that one subscribe tos to know in order to be accepted in a society or an organisation which is a sum total of all the beliefs, values and norms shared by a group of batch who have been brought up in a society to think, feel, interpret and react in a particular manner. Or it is a human need of adapting to circumstances and transmitting these skills and knowledge to the next generations. It undersurface also be said as culture as mental programming is also watch crystal of history in the hands, minds and hearts of the present generation. (Hofstede, 2001).This essay will talk ab break the cultural difference amongst India which is my home culture and UK which is the counterpart. I have chosen UK because I have been to UK for my Supe rvised Work Experience (SWE) and during my stay in UK I never paid attention towards the UK culture dimensions and would now a deal(p) to analyze with respect to the unlike models. But before that lets have a look at some customs or values that are fol uttered in these countriesIndia HinduismSocial freedom amongst the sexes is not holdd.Use of first name to address people is avoided.The method of greeting depends on the social status of the person you are meeting i.e. if a son is meeting his father usually he greets him by bowing down and touching his feet. Where as educated people, in business meeting shake hands to welcome or greet each other.If invited for dinner one may only have the dinner with the business fellow and not the whole family and do not get upset if you host asks you several times to have some more than food. It is Indian custom to actualise sure that the guest does not get up hungry from the table. Also at the table one should use the right hand in go throug h food as Indian consider left hand as impure.UKBritish people are formal, sophisticated, value privacy and are sensitive.Within UK controlled business environment, maintain decorum and avoid casualness in dress and conversation, loudness and shouting is too taboo.Family names and first name are preferred.British people are good negotiators as they are tolerant and good listeners.Fine manners and good etiquette are expected at all social occasions. sacrifice giving is not a normal custom in UK.(Harris, 2004 Rodrigues, 2001)Hofstede ModelCross-cultural study to find out the differences in national cultures, this was through with(p) by Hofstede across 60 different countries which included matched samples of business employees. These studies together identified four independent dimensions of national culture differences. The dimensions explored were Power distance, Uncertainty Avoidance, Individualism verses sovietism and Masculinity verses femininity.The first of four dimensions dis covered by Hofstede is called power distance. Power distance is the extent to which the less powerful member of an organization or an constitution accept and expect that the power is distributed unequally (Hofstede, 2001). The basic problem which is prevalent here is to what extent in a culture the degree of inequality between a less powerful individual and a spicy powerful individual is expected and accepted. India stands at the 10/11 position in the sketch with a score of 77 whereas big(p) Britain is on the 42/44 position with a score of only 35. ( send off appendices-)For example During my SWE the service operation mastermind of the whole hotel chain was very friendly, who was also the head of my department. I used to share my personal problems with her and even go out for dinner. This example would be merely analyzed in the competencies.The second dimension is labeled as uncertainty avoidance (UA). It refers to the extent a culture or organization prepares its members to feel booming or uncomfortable in an unstructured situation (Hofstede, 2001). The issue dissembled here is the level to which a culture or society would accept stiff laws and regulations over uncertainty and risk. Countries or cultures gain high on UA have long history and the population is homogeneous. Risks even calculated are avoided and freshly ideas and concepts are difficult to introduce whereas countries on low UA scores are completely opposite. Although there is not much of a difference in the ranks given by Hofstede but still India scores a higher rank than Great Britain, also this dimension does not have a major role in the core competencies.( see appendices-)The third is individualism and socialism which is the degree to which a culture stress on that right of an individual as compared to those of a group. Countries scoring high on individualism live in the I culture and strive for personal goals and achievements. In such countries it is acceptable to pursue personal goals at the expense of other. Whereas a country scoring low in individualism has the we culture. Individual desires and goal could be suppressed for the good of the group.For Example In UK culture people always consider themselves as an Individual, they are more bothered about themselves even if they belong to same family, whereas in India people consider each other as a part of a group and thats the reason joint families still exist in Indian society.The last one is maleness and femininity which refers to the distribution of role between the two genders i.e. male and female. Countries with high masculinity are observed to have the following characteristics i.e. Priorities in life for people are achievement, wealth and expansion. Usually people settle conflicts through aggressive meaning.Women and men have different roles in society. OftenProfessionals in these countries work for longer hours and short vacations. Whereas in counties which are low in masculinity the following is observed. Priorities are the family, relationships and quality of life.Conflicts are usually solved though talks.Men and women share equal positions in society.Masculinity/Femininity are equally powerful but in respect to Hofstede, 2006 research both India and UK share common Masculinity culture as in both of these cultures social gender roles are clearly distinct.( see appendices)Halls ModelThe vital distinction is made by the anthropologist Edward Hall between high and low- background cultures and how these contexts have an effect on intercourse. In High Context cultures high context communication information is either in the physical context or internalized in the person with little communication in the explicit words or message and on the other hand a low context culture communication most information is contained in explicit codes, such as words (Harris, 2004).High context cultures depend heavily on the external environment, situations, and non-verbal behavior in creating a nd interpreting communications. In high context cultures when individuals communicate they try to find out how much the listener knows about what is cosmos discussed. People in high context cultures try on interpersonal relationships, also developing trust is very important factor or beat which should be made before starting a business. People are collectivist and work on their intuition rather than on reasons and are more indirect as well as formal. India is high context culture.Whereas in Low Context cultures the environment is less important, and non -verbal behavior is often ignored. While communication is going on the listener knows nothing or little and need to be told about what is being discussed. People in low context cultures emphasize legal documents rather than inter personal relationships or trust. People are individualistic and work based on logical reasoning and not on intuition, also they are direct and informal. UK is a low context culture.For example During my SWE I was asked by my colleague to help her with the work load. Instead of saying I can not, I said it would be difficult. The example would be analyzed in the competencies areas.The second concept given by Hall was to do with the how different cultures structure or manage their time i.e. polychronic verses the monochronic time orientation. The polychronic cultures believe in doing many things at one time and the monochronic cultures believe in doing one delegate at given point of time and time is subordinate to interpersonal relationships. UK belongs to monochromic culture and India is a polychronic culture.Stereotyping other important factor or multivariate that the managers in the organization need to keep in mind is stereotyping. Stereotypes are set of attitudes that causes us to attribute qualities and characteristics to a person based on the group to which that individual belongs. (Harris, 2004)It basically involves categorizing and making perceptions about people based on o nes experiences and it guides ones behavior towards that group of people in a particular way.TeamworkA group is a number of persons associated in same joint action, while teamwork is described as cooperative or coordinated effort on the part of persons workings together towards the actualization of a goal (Harris, 2004). A hotel firm can only survive if the employees are ready to work and produce an effective team. As each and every operation in the hospitality industry is interrelated to each other. For example front office is depended upon housekeeping department for clean board and restaurant is dependent on kitchen for cooking food. Thus in order to have a successful multicultural team member should have gratis(p) skills and should think in favor of the team.( example see appendices-)CommunicationAll activities involve communication. In the global era different managerial activities like motivating, leading, negotiation exchanging information etc are all based on the manager of one culture to communicate effectively and successfully to people of other cultures. Communication can not only verbal or written but also non-verbal i.e. ashes language, expressions etc (Adler, 1997). In international Hospitality and Tourism industries language plays a very important role, as both of these industries include direct guest contact good language and communication skills can either nark or name the impression of the organization especially hotels.( example see appendices)Conflict and dialogueConflict- A state of disharmony between incompatible or antithetical persons, ideas, or interests a clash(www.ANSWER.COM)Causes of conflictcommunication failurepersonality conflictvalue differencesgoal differencesmethodological differencessubstandard performancelack of cooperationdifferences regarding authoritydifferences regarding tariffcompetition over resourcesnon-compliance with rules(www.geocities.com)These are some of the factors which causes conflict in an working environment of an organization which needed to be resolved through various modes and meansForceNegotiateBargainAvoidAccommodation and Appease(Mead 19982005)The most important tool is negotiation whichs is used to resolve conflictNegotiation is a process in which two or more entities come together to discuss common and conflicting interests in order to reach an agreement of joint benefit (Harris, 2004). In international business negotiation, there can be mis deduceing due the difference in the culture to culture in language, cultural conditioning, negotiation style, approach to problem solving etc. Negotiation plays a very important role in Hospitality and Tourism Industries, such as negotiation on room rate with guests and travel agents in different countries etc. As India belongs to polychromic culture, while taking decisions people from India tend to involve other people (colleagues) into the negotiation process which makes the process longer. This also confirms the stereotype as sociated with them. This also happens as India a collectivist and high PDI country. Whereas UK which is monochromic culture they see time as an asset and quantity to be scheduled, they emphasize on making agendas and finish the work or taking the decision in time. Negotiation can also be effected by the communication style of the country i.e. as explained earlier the concept of high and low context cultures i.e. misunderstanding due to lack of clarity amongst the two cultures thus leading to unsatisfactory results of negotiation.Evaluating my ego- Me, As a managerAfter completing my reflective practice fitting and following up the tasks given to us. After doing the Hofstedes measuring cultural differences approach model or exercise and I found that I measured masculinity more than femininity which clarifies that the job which is given or I undertake is done to get personal sense of accomplishment and I look for new and challenging opportunities for a high success .I would describe my self as low power distance human being as I would like to work with those mangers which makes decision by considering all the employees view points rather making their own personal decision I would focused more on collectivism rather on Individualism as I look for more opportunities to improve upon my skills and develop new skills by adapting to new working conditions ( see appendices- )Cultures are normally attributed to groups of people but, within group each individual has his/her own individual characters which make the person stand out from others. I would describe my self as a good listener, good observer, cooperative with employees, Flexible and competitive (see appendices-). These individual characteristics make me stand out from other members of different cultures. The results of CCAI indicate that my strongest are is Personal Autonomy and my weakest area is Flexibility/Openness. While scores in Emotional Resilience and Perceptual Activity almost the same.( see appendice s-) The area in which I lack the most is communication among different cultures while I can easily handle situations in which things do not go as per plan or situations and in which stress and tolerance occurs. I lack in area where I am expected to communicate among different cultures, patronage of the fact that, I would love to spend some time with people from different cultures. By improving my intercultural skills such as communication i.e. how to react on different ideas, people and experiences and I should not focus on what other people are saying and doing rather make my own decisions. This will make me a better person while I am in different culture and in my own culture. Also I should learn to appreciate different people and expenses.In the next six months by following up the action plan I would improve on my communication skill by reading novels and newspapers and also at the same time try interact and discuss on different issues with people in college whom I normally dont interact with, as it will also help me in appreciating different people as well. Completing this exercise would help me in dealing with different people at my future work place and also communicating effectively with them.(see appendices-)Conclusion and RecommendationsThe main focus of this essay was to analyze similarities and dissimilarities among Indian and UK cultures. This was done though use of two models of cultural analysis done by Hofstede and Hall. It was realized that both the cultures are too different from each other. As hospitality and tourism industry are growing at a rapid scale and due to globalization of the business, the demand for multicultural employees is increasing, but managing employees from totally different cultures like in India or UK would be great challenge faced by the managers in the industry. Also international visitors often expect that service providers should understand and respect their customs, beliefs and cultures, if not it may lead to cross c ultural conflicts. Following are the recommendations for UK and India based managersCross cultural training should be provided to the employees so that they can adjust in new cultures. Information about other cultures should be provided which will lead to better understanding amongst the employees and enhanced teamwork.While communicating with Britishers, Indian people should use simple words which are grammatically correct should be used and direct communication should take place as British people belong to a low context culture and prefer messages/communication to be structured directly, that they get immediate to the point and state conclusions and interpenetrate line.Proper understanding of other cultures and choosing appropriate negotiation process can produce effective and useful negotiation. A manager must find out the common and the uncommon values of his and counterparts culture in order to conduct effective and successful negotiation. While negotiating between UK and Indi an cultures, managers should take care of the body languages, Gestures and use of grammatically correct language for communications should be used also, importance of time should be taken into consideration.Cross cultural training should be provided to the employees so that they can adjust in new cultures. Information about other cultures should be provided which will lead to better understanding amongst the employees and enhanced teamwork.Another consideration for global managers is that they should have/develop good listening skill.BibliographyAdler .N.J, (1997), International Dimensions of organizational Behavior, 4th Edition, South-Western, United States.Abercrombie.N and Warde .A( 2001), The Contemporary British Society, Black well PublishersLtd, Great Britian.Brislin. W.Richard , ( 1981), Cross Cultural Encounters, Pergamon Press, USA.Brislin.W. Richard and Cushner. K,( 1996), Intercultural Interactions, 2ed , Sage Publications, USA.Barker. C.( 2002) , Making Sense of Cultura l Studies , Sage Publications, London.Conflict Definition, Synonyms, from answers.com ( online) cited on 2 November universal resource locator http//www.answers.com/topic/conflictFrancesco, A. M. Gold, B. A. (2005) International Organizational Behavior Texts, cases and exercises Upper Saddle Row, New Jersey, Pearson/ apprentice Hall.Grazia. V.(1981), The Cultural Of Content,University of Cambridge , CambridgeHooker.J,(2003) , Working Across Cultural , Standford University Press, Califonia.Hofstede .G ,(1985) , The Cultural Relativity of Organizational Practises and Theories , London.Harris. P., Robert .T. M Sarah. V. M, 2004, Managing Cultural Differences world(prenominal) Leadership Strategies for 21st century, 6th Edition, Elsevier, London.Hodgetts. R, Luthans. F, Doh. J, 2006, International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior, 6th Edition, Tata McGraw Hill Publishing Company Ltd, New Delhi.Hofstede. G, 2001, Cultures Consequences, 2nd Edition, Sage Publications, Lond onKwintessential (2008), Intercultural Training (online) cited on 3 December URL http//www.kwintessential.co.uk/cultural-services/intercultural-training.htmlMead, R. 1998 International Management Cross Cultural Dimensions 2nd pas seul Cambridge MA. Blackwell PublishersMead, R. 2005 International Management Cross Cultural Dimensions 3rd edition Cambridge MA. Blackwell PublishersRodriguez. C, 2001, International Management A cultural Approach, 2nd Edition, South-Western College Publication, United KingdomRobinson. M.(1999) , Cultural Conflicts In Tourism Inevitablity and Inequality, CAB Publication, USASchneider.C.Susan. and Basoux Louis.J,( 1997), Managing Across Cultural , Prentice Hall, Europe. Storry.M and Childs. P.( 1997), British Cultural Identities,Routledge New YorkSamovar. A .Larry and Porter.E. Richard,( 2003) , Intercultural Communication , 10th edition , Thompson Learning, USASingh.Y.(2002),Culture Change In India,Rawat Publication, Jaipur.Yahoo Causes of conflict ( onl ine ) cited on 4 November url http//geocities.yahoo.com/causes of conflict

Macro-Environment of British Airways (BA)

Macro-Environment of British Airways (BA)One of the outstandinggest airlines in the UK is British Airways (BA) which is domination domestic and international flights in the UK. Its international flights go up to 150 destinations around the world which does not include its partners and franchise. only, from the last ten years BA is going through get laid to neck challenger as well as a lot of management occupations which is creating a lot of problems for the smart set and at the same time it is in addition victorious the business away.The assignment will let us know how is BA performing, what strategies plans argon to be used for the development of the company and arrive a good hold in the market. Things or Models wish well PESTEL, SWOT and Value Chain would help BA to come up with strategies that it would have good competition with it competitors. Strategies alike(p) amazeing down the prices as well as cost, at the same time promoting its brand and also taking interest in mergers and alliances which would bring the economy of the company up.INTRODUCTIONBAs main aim and focus is on providing high quality but at high prices but it is not like other flights who have low prices just to append their profit but at the same time they dont have any quality inspection and repair taking bespeak at all. BAs main targeted customers atomic number 18 the high class or in other words the Executive Class customers. This is because they earn their revenue from these customers only.But from the last ten years BA is going through a very challenging phase because its market rate and revenue both have dropped drastically and the reason for this is because of the increasing and new competition coming in the industry(Milmo, 2008) which is as explained through Porters 5 Forces. The main competitors for BA are Royal Dutch Airlines, Virgin Atlantic, EasyJet and Ryanair. To get through these competition, BA had come up with many strategies and also took advantage of its op portunities and strengths. This has been explained in SWOT analysis and also in TOWS and Porters generic wine Strategies.COMPANY HISTORY OVERVIEWBritish Airways Plc was once upon a time a subsidiary of Imperial Airways, which was created by merging four British airlines, this was taking flummox in somewhere in 1924. But, later on by 1939 for some period of time the brand had disappeared, but by 1974 when idea for nationalisation came for British Airlines .This was the time when two main airlines joined their hands and merged together i.e. British European Airways (BEA) and British Overseas Airways Corporation (BOAC) and formed into British Airways. In 1987 because of some financial problems the airline got privatised in 1987.BA, at the moment does not only caters service of carrying customers but also at the same time gives service of air cargo and mail service also(Bourne, 2007). To make its position in the market better BA is continuously coming up with new strategies, like giv ing to its customers advanced service, bringing in new aircrafts and having full corporation with its customers and at the same time taking responsibilities of theirs.To evaluate the external factors that critically impact the strategic decisions of the airlineMacro Environment of BA is explained belowMACRO ENVIRONMENT OF BRITISH AIRWAYSBefore coming up with any strategy for British Airways it is very important to analyse the Macro Environment of British Airways. Because of this reason PESTEL analysis is been done and the external factors are being highlighted that are effecting the business of the company and what opportunities should it take in and what can cause a big treat also at the same time.PESTEL Analysis(P)olitical FactorsTo make sure that the security of the passengers are good BA has to enhance its safety ways as per the needs of Department for Transport (DFT) (Memorandum from BA Plc, 2005). To work properly it is very important for to go according to the rules and regu lations set up by the Association of European Airlines (Buyck, 2010).(E)conomical FactorsAs per the economical factor in the year 2008 the spending of the consumers of UK declined drastically, this had taken place later on thirteen years because of which the competition in the market became more severe (The Telegraph, 2008).BAs full business totally depend on the executive class customers ,but practiced now the this has also decreased because of the cost cutting programs that are taking place in all industry.Even the daily changing oil prices do a lot to the company as taking financial decisions get very hard. And off lately because of the global economic meltdown that had taken place recently in that location has been a drastic drop in the Airline Industry.(S)ocial FactorsBargaining power of an employer has increased because there is an increasing rate of unemployment which is a big advantage to BA.As time is loss the demands of customers are increasing because of which facil ities and services are also changing because of which threats are also increasing. Ageing is also a problem that UK is facing a there are more old people than young , which means that the number of flyers will keep decreasing in the future. (Office for field Statistics, 2010).(T)echnological FactorsAs technology is increasing customers service at the same time is also improving. Comparing ticket prices online and knowing about the flight is very practically possible online, so customers find the best prices online. Because of which they tend to go more for low cost airlines.Not only cost can be prove out online but E-ticket reservations and online check in can also be done which is having a lot of popularity. BA needs to keep up with the development IT and also make sure that everything is user friendly.(E)nvironmental/Ethical FactorsEnvironment also plays a very important role in this. As time is passing customers are becoming more environment friendly and they want less polluti on. This is the only reason that expansion of Heathrow is having a lot of barriers as there is a lot of carbon gasses emission taking place(DFT, 2009). In the past BA had gone through noise pollution issue because of its Concorde flight.Ethical issues like misplacing of bags and cancellation of flights should be looked into or else the reputation of the brand will get lost.(L)egal FactorsMergers have to be kept to a very restricted (Ownership rules in America) which would show certain limitations in respect to the union on American Airlines with BA (Knibb, 2010). Waiting for trade union to take any action, it is better to keep good relationship with the unions so that there are no unions taking place.VALUE CHAINSUPPORT ACTIVITIESFirm InfrastructureStructural Organisation gives BA the facility to come up with better strategies as well as have better communication within the organisation. But, this can sometime effect the operations taking place in the company.Human Resource Managemen tOff lately BA has spent quite a lot in training programs so that they can cipher the best, so that these best can provide the best customer service (British Airways Annual Report, 2007-08).BA has gone through many problems like Cabin Crew strike, granting of ill absence and demand for increasing of wages(Gray, 2007).Technology DevelopmentBy introducing services online in the flight and communication facilities BA has got a chance to gain competitory advantage by creating value for its customersProcurementSince BA is a very old organisation it has got good relations because of which it can take advantage of and increase its economy by dealing with suppliers very well.PRIMARY ACTIVITIESInbound LogisticsThe important features how to control stocks, better training facilities (BA Press Office, 2008) and past good relationship with suppliers (e.g. penetration Gourmet Catering Services).OperationsFeatures like online check-in and e-booking attracts customers more.Outbound LogisticsCu stomers are allowed to choose which ever flight they want to and where ever they want to go and which every airport they want to land on, because of there are slots available at different airports.Marketing SalesWhen the financial background is strong there are many investments taking place and because of which more promotion takes place because of which the revenue gets improved. But, if the marketing strategies are not right and not that innovative then there are chances of loosing out of customers to another competitive flights.Post Sales ServicesGiving customers the chance to give their feedbacks and asking them to give their views which in turn helps BA to connect to its customers very well and improve themselves. Because of which the business and the company can incur profit.

Zoos Should be Banned :: Zoo Animals

Zoos atomic number 18 an unsuitable environment for wild animals and should, therefore, be abolished. Firstly, zoo animals are unplowed in a very confined area compared with their capacious natural habitat. Secondly, breeding programmes are far less successful than zoos claim. Thirdly, zoo animals are exposed to many diseases and other dangers.Zoo animals are usually kept in very cramped enclosures and do not behave like their wild counterparts. Polar bears, for example, are given about 10 metres of walking post whereas in their Arctic home they roam for many hundreds of kilometres. Similarly, primates, big cats and birds are often confined in cages where they lack exercise and stimulation. Many animals develop affected habits such as pacing back and forth or swaying from side to side.Supporters of zoos argue that they help to conserve endangered species, but in fact they are not very good at this. Even the world famous panda-breeding programme has been very costly and unsuccessfu l. Also, zoo intent does not prepare animals for the challenges of life in the wild. For example, two rare lynxes released into the wild in Colorado died from starvation even though the area was full of hares, which are a lynxs natural prey.The zoo is an unnatural environment that exposes animals to numerous dangers. Diseases often spread between species that would never live together naturally. For example, many Asian elephants have died in US zoos after catching herpes from African elephants. Furthermore, zoo animals are often exposed to chemicals, solvents and other toxic substances. Finally, it is common for visitors to tease and provoke caged animals.In conclusion, therefore, it is not true to say that zoos are educational or they help to protect endangered species.

Divisibility Argument :: essays research papers

DIVISIBILITY ARGUMENTThis paper will discuss the dualisms Divisibility Argument. This argument relies on Leibnizs Law and uses a assorted office to prove the distinctness of brain states of mental states. bloody shame, who is a materialist, presents several objections to that argument. Her main objection corresponds to the first/third-person approach. She believes that Dave presents that argument only from the first-person approach, which is introspection, and totally disregards the third-person approach, which is observation of another mind. Marys objections will follow by the Daves response on them from the dualists point of view.The purpose of the Divisibility Argument is to prove that mental states are different from the brain states. My body, which includes my brain, is divisible. However, I cannot conceive of my mind as divisible. Therefore, my mind is distinct from any part of my body.Descartes was the first who established the Divisibility Argument. He held that the two components which constitute military personnel had an independent origin and are of a fundamentally different nature. The body is divisible, since it can be separated for example, my leg or my hand can be cut off my brain can be cut on half. However, the idea of the divisible mind is inconceivable. This argument relies on the Leibnizs Law. It is a article of belief about identity, which says, if an object or event X is identical with an object or event Y, then X and Y have all of the said(prenominal) properties. So if X and Y have any different properties, then X can not be identical with Y. Divisibility Argument uses a different property to prove the distinctness of brain states and mental states the property of being indivisible. In this case, the mind has a property and brain lacks it. The body can be divided, however, it cannot be done with the mind.Mary has several objections to this argument. First, she believes that the mind is an entity, which is composed of several mental states thoughts, beliefs, memories, desires, etc. Mary strongly disagrees with Descartes claim that the mind employs itself in its different properties willing, desiring, understanding, and so on. Secondly, she clarifies the meaning of the word conceive in the Daves argument. The term conceive might mean either imagine or understand. Imagining literally involves forming an range of a function of or picturing in ones mind, whereas understanding is more conceptual and does not require the ability to picture something.

Government Censorship of Music Misguided :: Argumentative Persuasive Topics

Government Censorship of Music Misguided   Granted, there are entertainers in the euphony business who, as Tipper Gore says in Curbing the Sexploitation Industry, want to send the message that sadomasochism is the essence of sex, so that they potful make a not-so-honest dollar. As Charlene Choy says in Romantic Rot, some performers will scream about anything, including suicide, sadism, incest, and bestiality, if it will make them stand out and turn a bigger pelf than another musician.   Still, Gore and Choy are missing the essence of modern rock. To explain which aspect of modern rock Gore and Choy have overlooked, I will restore rock in a broader sense than many people use in their day-to-day conversation for the purposes of this argument, I will define rock music to mean any form of music which has emerged since the 1940s which has had enough popularity to allow people to identify themselves as a member of a group based on the type of music to which they listen. There fore, types of music as diverse as disco, heavy metal, rap, classic rock (from the 1950s through the 1970s), grunge, pop, industrial rock, and country-western will be covered chthonic this definition.   What Gore and Choy have misunderstood is the way that music can create bonds in the midst of people, both between individual fans of a particular group and between the singer and an individual fan. People can learn how others think and can learn more about themselves through the sometimes-brutal reality of modern musical lyrics. Nirvanas vocal music Dumb can show popular people how it feels to go through high school as a social outcast. The music of Garbage and L7 can give men a glimpse of the female mind. The music of Nine Inch Nails and the Gin Blossoms can take sane people on a trip through the mind of someone who is losing his (or her) sanity.   Music can also help people, particularly those going through painful times (such as adolescence) to figure that they are n ot alone and that other people have the same feelings that they do. After grunge-rock superstar Kurt Cobain committed suicide in April 1994, one fan wrote to curlicue Stone magazine describing how the music of Cobains band, Nirvana, made her feel. I could be feeling like total shit, wrote Carrie Loy, and hear a Nirvana song and end up feeling renewed afterward.

John Donne :: essays research papers

Essay on John DonneJohn Donne, a master at his work, was born some time during the year 1572. The exact date of his ingest date is unknown. Donne accomplished many and experienced many things in his life. He got married secretly, went to prison, and wrote many poems that are world known John Donne attended both Oxford and Cambridge universities, and he also attended Lincolns Inn. At Lincolns Inn Donne studied law, but never practiced it there after. Donne did not get degrees at any of the universities that he attended, but he did obtain a mind full of knowledge. As Donne grew up as a child, his parents raised him up in a Catholic household. During the 1590s, Donne abandoned Catholicism and looked toward to become an Anglican. In Donnes later years he wrote two Anti-Catholic poems (Pseudo-Martyr and Ignatius his Conclave). Donne later became a pr individuallyer. He had a metaphorical style which make him a great preacher. Donne received a degree of divinity from the University of Cam bridge and was made a royal chaplain.In 1601 John Donne secretly married a char by the name of Ann More. This act ruined his employment at that time. Donne was appointed private secretary to Sir Thomas Egerton in 1958. Ann More was, ironically, the niece of Lady Egerton.The secret jointure diminished Donnes hope for his advancement with Sir Thomas Egerton. John Donne was even imprisoned by Sir George More for marrying Ann More. One of the most traumatic experiences that Donne faced was the death of his wife. Ann died trance giving birth to a still born in August of 1617. John loved his wife very much and mourned the death of her loss. They were married to each other for fifteen and a half years. Donne pays tribute to her on her grave stone by inscribing words such as "a most polished and beloved woman, a most loving and chaste wife, a most dutiful and forbearing mother".

Leadership Study Essay -- Leadership

The ability to be a leader has been studied extensively. throughout this extensive study, some have pointed to leadership being a born trait (Northouse, 2012) while others point to the ability to learn the skills associated with becoming a not bad(p) leader (Hughes, Ginnett and Curphy, 2012). While each side has its own valid points, one way to argue either way to fascinate these skills in action. Whether these skills are seen in a high school student government association or the office of a large nationwide non-profit, they are present. The study of leadership has guide to the description of several different styles of leadership. These styles include legitimate, expert, information, connections, referent, coercion and reward power. No matter the type of experiences a person has, they will most likely see these types of power. Legitimate power may be one of the easiest forms of power to identify. Hughes and colleagues (2012) refer to legitimate power as ones formal or decreed authority. This power is mostly appointed, but can be given through democratic processes (Sager, 2008). A leader who asks someone to complete a task or assigns a specific role to someone can be seen as legitimate. Local culture, as defined by the bureaucratic and chain of command at bottom an organization, is a great way to identify who has legitimate power. A call center environment is a great example of this legitimate power hierarchy. deep down one such environment the company was divided amongst several different leaders. The top of the hierarchy was the channel manager, who is held accountable to the client. Below this level are twain managers who assign the task of contacting customers to those employees who make direct contact with clients. These two managers mon... ...l and the organization. Works CitedCulley, M.R. and Hughes, J. (2008). Power and public participation in a hazardous waste dispuit A biotic community case study, American journal of community psychology, 41, 98-114. DOI 10.1007/s10464-007-9157-5.Hughes, R., Ginnett, R., & Curphy, G. (2012). Leadership Enhancing the lessons of experience. (7 ed.). Montouri, Amsterdam McGraw-Hill/Irwin.Northouse, P. (2012). Leadership Theory and practice. (6 ed.). Thousand Oaks, California Sage Publishing.Sager, J. (2008) Sources of power. In Rothman, J, Erlich, J.L. and Tropman, J.E. (Eds.), Stratgeies of community intervention (pp. 425-446). Peoesta, Iowa, Eddie Bowers publishing co. inc.. Strom, S. (9 July 2008) Funds misappropriated at 2 non-profit groups. New York Times. Retrieved from http//www.nytimes.com/2008/07/09/us/09embezzle.html?_r=1 on May 25, 2012.